【C/C++】标准C语言头文件

标准C语言头文件

ISO C标准定义的头文件(24项)

<assert.h> 验证程序断言 <complex.h>支持复数算术运算 <ctype.h>字符类型

<errno.h>出错码 <fenv.h>浮点环境 <float.h>浮点常量

<inttypes.h>整型格式转换 <iso646.h> 替代关系操作符宏 <limits.h>实现常量

<locale.h>局部类别 <math.h>数学常量 <setjmp.h> 非局部goto

<signal.h>信号 <stdarg.h>可变参数表 <stdbool.h>布尔类型和值

<stddef.h>标准定义 <stdint.h>整型 <stdio.h>标准I/O库

<stdlib.h>实用程序库函数 <string.h>字符串操作 <tgmath.h>通用类型数学宏

<time.h>时间和日期 <wchar.h>宽字符支持 <wctype.h>宽字符分类和映射支持

POSIX标准定义的必须的头文件(26项)

<dirent.h>目录项 <fcntl.h>文件控制 <fnmatch.h>文件名匹配类型

<glob.h>路径名模式匹配类型 <grp.h>组文件 <netdb.h>网络数据库操作

<pwd.h> 口令文件 <regex.h>正则表达式 <tar.h>tar归档值

<termios.h>终端I/O <unistd.h>符号常量 <utime.h>文件时间

<wordexp.h>字扩展类型 <arpa/inet.h>Internet定义 <net/if.h>套接字本地接口

<netinet/in.h> Internet地址族 <netinet/tcp.h>传输控制协议 <sys/mman.h>内存管理声明

<sys/select.h>select函数 <sys/socket.h>套接字接口 <sys/stat.h>文件状态

<sys/times.h>进程时间 <sys/types.h>基本系统数据类型 <sys/un.h>UNIX域套接字定义

<sys/utsname.h>系统名 <sys/wait.h>进程控制

POSIX标准定义的XSI扩展头文件(26项)

<cpio.h> cpio归档值 <dlfcn.h>动态链接 <fmtmsg.h>消息显示结构

<ftw.h>文件树漫游 <iconv.h>代码集转换实用程序 <langinfo.h>语言信息常量

<libgen.h>模式匹配函数定义 <monetary.h>货币类型 <ndbm.h>数据库操作

<nl_types.h>消息类别 <poll.h>轮询函数 <search.h>搜索表

<strings.h>字符串操作 <syslog.h>系统出错日志记录 <ucontext.h>用户上下文

<ulimit.h>用户限制 <utmpx.h>用户帐户数据库 <sys/ipc.h> IPC

<sys/msg.h>消息队列 <sys/resource.h> 资源操作 <sys/sem.h>信号量

<sys/shm.h>共享存储 <sys/statvfs.h>文件系统信息 <sys/time.h>时间类型

<sys/timeb.h>附加的时间 <sys/uio.h>矢量I/O操作

POSIX标准定义的可选头文件(8项)

<aio.h>异步I/O <mqueue.h>消息队列 <pthread.h>线程

<sched.h>执行调度 <semaphore.h> 信号量 <spawn.h>实时spawn接口

<stropts.h>XSI STREAMS接口 <trace.h>时间跟踪

标准 C++ 语言头文件（54个其中16个用于构建STL,3个为附加非必须）　

<algorithm>　STL通用算法 <bitset> STL位集容器 <cassert>用于在程序运行时执行断言

<cctype> 字符处理 <cerrno> 错误码 <cfloat>用于测试浮点类型属性
<ciso646>ISO646变体字符集 <climits>测试整数类型属性 <clocale> 本地化函数

<cmath> 数学函数 <complex>　复数类 <csetjmp>执行非内部的goto语句

<csignal>信号 <cstdarg>访问参数数量变化的函数 <cstddef>用于定义实用的类型和宏

<cstdio> 输入/输出 <cstdlib> 杂项函数及内存分配 <cstring> 字符串

<ctime> 时间 <cwchar> 宽字符处理及输入/输出 <cwctype> 宽字符分类

<deque> STL双端队列容器 <exception> 异常处理类 <fstream> 文件流

<functional> STL函数对象 <iomanip> 参数化输入/输出 <ios>　基本输入/输出支持

<iosfwd> 输入/输出前置声明 <iostream> 数据流输入/输出 <istream> 基本输入流

<iterator>遍历序列的类 <limits> 各种数据类型最值常量 <list>　STL线性列表容器

<locale> 国际化支持 <map> STL映射容器 <memory>专用内存分配器

<new> 基本内存分配和释放 <numeric> 通用的数字操作 <ostream> 基本输出流

<queue> STL 队列容器 <set> STL 集合容器 <sstream> 基于字符串的流

<stack> STL 堆栈容器 <stdexcept> 标准异常类 <streambuf> iostream 的缓冲区类

<string> 字符串类 <strstream>非内存字符序列的流类 <typeinfo> 运行时类型标识

<utility> STL 通用模板类 <valarray>支持值数组的类和模版类 <vector> STL 动态数组容器

标准C++附加的头文件(3个)非必须

<hash_map> <hash_set> <slist>

The Standard C++ library consists of 51 required headers.This implementation also includes three additional headers,<hash_map>,<hash_set>,and <slist>,not required by the C++ Standard, for a total of 54 headers.Of these 54 headers,16 constitute the Standard Template Library, or STL.These are indicated below with the notation
<algorithm> -- (STL) for defining numerous templates that implement useful algorithms
<bitset> -- for defining a template class that administers sets of bits
<complex> -- for defining a template class that supports complex arithmetic
<deque> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a deque container
<exception> -- for defining several functions that control exception handling
<fstream> -- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate exteral files
<functional> -- (STL) for defining several templates that help construct predicates for
the templates defined in <algorithm> and <numeric>
<hash_map> -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement hashed associative containers
that map keys to values
<hash_set> -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement hashed associative containers
<iomanip> -- for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument
<ios> -- for defining the template class that serves as the base for many iostreams classes
<iosfwd> -- for declaring several iostreams template classes before they are necessarily
defined
<iostream> -- for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate the standard streams
<istream> -- for defining the template class that performs extractions
<iterator> -- (STL) for defining several templates that help define and manipulate iterators
<limits> -- for testing numeric type properties
<list> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a doubly linked list container
<locale> -- for defining several classes and templates that control
locale-specific behavior, as in the iostreams classes
<map> -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement associative containers that
map keys to values
<memory> -- (STL) for defining several templates that allocate and free storage for various
container classes
<new> -- for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage
<numeric> -- (STL) for defining several templates that implement useful numeric functions
<ostream> -- for defining the template class that performs insertions
<queue> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a queue container
<set> -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement associative containers
<slist> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a singly linked list container
<sstream> -- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate string containers
<stack> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a stack container
<stdexcept> -- for defining several classes useful for reporting exceptions
<streambuf> -- for defining template classes that buffer iostreams operations
<string> -- for defining a template class that implements a string container
<strstream> -- for defining several iostreams classes that manipulate in-memory character
sequences
<typeinfo> -- for defining class type_info, the result of the typeid operator
<utility> -- (STL) for defining several templates of general utility
<valarray> -- for defining several classes and template classes that support value-oriented
arrays
<vector> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a vector container
新的C标准库
<cassert> -- for enforcing assertions when functions execute
<cctype> -- for classifying characters
<cerrno> -- for testing error codes reported by library functions
<cfloat> -- for testing floating-point type properties
<ciso646> -- for programming in ISO 646 variant character sets
<climits> -- for testing integer type properties
<clocale> -- for adapting to different cultural conventions
<cmath> -- for computing common mathematical functions
<csetjmp> -- for executing nonlocal goto statements
<csignal> -- for controlling various exceptional conditions
<cstdarg> -- for accessing a varying number of arguments
<cstddef> -- for defining several useful types and macros
<cstdio> -- for performing input and output
<cstdlib> -- for performing a variety of operations
<cstring> -- for manipulating several kinds of strings
<ctime> -- for converting between various time and date formats
<cwchar> -- for manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings
<cwctype> -- for classifying wide characters
旧的C标准库
<assert.h> -- for enforcing assertions when functions execute
<ctype.h> -- for classifying characters
<errno.h> -- for testing error codes reported by library functions
<float.h> -- for testing floating-point type properties
<iso646.h> -- for programming in ISO 646 variant character sets
<limits.h> -- for testing integer type properties
<locale.h> -- for adapting to different cultural conventions
<math.h> -- for computing common mathematical functions
<setjmp.h> -- for executing nonlocal goto statements
<signal.h> -- for controlling various exceptional conditions
<stdarg.h> -- for accessing a varying number of arguments
<stddef.h> -- for defining several useful types and macros
<stdio.h> -- for performing input and output
<stdlib.h> -- for performing a variety of operations
<string.h> -- for manipulating several kinds of strings
<time.h> -- for converting between various time and date formats
<wchar.h> -- for manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings
<wctype.h> -- for classifying wide characters

Finally, in this implementation, the Standard C++ library also includes several headers for compatibility with traditional C++ libraries:
<fstream.h> -- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate exteral files
<iomanip.h> -- for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument
<iostream.h> -- for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate the standard streams
<new.h> -- for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage
<stl.h> -- for declaring several template classes that aid migration from older versions
of the Standard Template Library