1.多线程介绍,略
2.一个简单的多线程程序
MSND中参数[in]和[out]的含义要注意
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream.h>DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(
LPVOID lpParameter// thread data
);DWORD WINAPI Fun2Proc(
LPVOID lpParameter// thread data
);
int index=0;
int tickets=100;
HANDLE hMutex;互斥对象的句柄
void main()
{
HANDLE hThread1;
HANDLE hThread2;
hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun1Proc,NULL,0,NULL);创建线程1
hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun2Proc,NULL,0,NULL);创建线程2
CloseHandle(hThread1);关闭线程的句柄,为什么要关闭?它将线程的使用计数减1
CloseHandle(hThread2);这样当线程结束时,线程内核对象被释放,否则只有当进程结束,才释放线程的内核对象
/*while(index++<1000)
cout<<"main thread is running"<<endl;*/
//hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,TRUE,NULL);将第二个参数设为true后,互斥对象的计数加1
hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,TRUE,"tickets");此段代码可以让系统只一份实例在运行!
if(hMutex)
{
if(ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS==GetLastError())
{
cout<<"only instance can run!"<<endl;
return;
}
}
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);此代码也将互斥对象的计数加1
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);所以要释放两次互斥对象
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
Sleep(4000);睡眠4000毫秒
// Sleep(10);
}DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(
LPVOID lpParameter// thread data
)
{
/*while(index++<1000)
cout<<"thread1 is running"<<endl;*/
/*while(TRUE)
{
//ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);等待互斥对象的到来,到来后将互斥对象的计数加1
if(tickets>0)
{
Sleep(1);
cout<<"thread1 sell ticket : "<<tickets--<<endl;
}
else
break;
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);释放互斥对象,将其计数减1,这样可以保证,这两句话之间的代码!的执行连续性!
}*/ WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
cout<<"thread1 is running"<<endl;
return 0;
}DWORD WINAPI Fun2Proc(
LPVOID lpParameter// thread data
)
{
/*while(TRUE)
{
//ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
if(tickets>0)
{
Sleep(1);
cout<<"thread2 sell ticket : "<<tickets--<<endl;
}
else
break;
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
}*/
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
cout<<"thread2 is running"<<endl;
return 0;
}
3.多线程聊天程序
1.加载套接字库在InitInstance()中,调用AfxSocketInit(),此时可以不加载库文件,但要加入Afxsock.h"头文件
2.在CChatDlg中创建成员变量m_socket,然后增加一个成员函数,IniSocket(),在其中完成m_socket的初始化和绑定。在OnInitDialog中调用InitSocket完成初始化工作。
3.定义一个结构体,包含两个参数,sock和hwnd,在OnInitDialog()中初始化这个结构体的对象。
4.创建一个线程,CreateThread(),须将线程函数RecvProc定义为静态的或者全局函数。
::PostMessage()完成将收到的数据发送给对话框。用自定义的消息,自定义的消息如何写?以前说过,参考下面的代码。注意要将EDitBox的MultiLine属性选上。
在ChatDlg.h中#define WM_RECVDATAWM_USER+1
afx_msg void OnRecvData(WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam);
在ChatDlg.cpp中
ON_MESSAGE(WM_RECVDATA,OnRecvData)
然后实现这个函数
void CChatDlg::OnRecvData(WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
CString str=(char*)lParam;
CString strTemp;
GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_RECV,strTemp);
str+="\r\n";
str+=strTemp;
SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_RECV,str);
}
最后在DWORD WINAPI CChatDlg::RecvProc(LPVOID lpParameter)
中调用 ::PostMessage(hwnd,WM_RECVDATA,0,(LPARAM)tempBuf);
//不能用SendMessage()
4.对发送按纽的响应代码:
void CChatDlg::OnBtnSend()
{
// TOD Add your control notification handler code here
DWORD dwIP;
((CIPAddressCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_IPADDRESS1))->GetAddress(dwIP); SOCKADDR_IN addrTo;
addrTo.sin_family=AF_INET;
addrTo.sin_port=htons(6000);
addrTo.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr=htonl(dwIP); CString strSend;
GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_SEND,strSend);
sendto(m_socket,strSend,strSend.GetLength()+1,0,
(SOCKADDR*)&addrTo,sizeof(SOCKADDR));
SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_SEND,"");
}
下面是具体的内容:
一定要多查询MSDN的函数,这里不列出函数原型和参数解释了
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream.h>//这里分两步,会出现一些问题 #include<iostream> using namespace std;
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
int main()
{
HANDLE hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc1,NULL,0,NULL);
CloseHandle(hThread1);
cout<<"main Thread runing"<<endl;
//Sleep(4000);
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
)
{
cout<<"Thread1 runing"<<endl;
return 0;
}
加上了Sleep(4000)让主线程睡4秒,这样就空闲的时间去执行线程了
加入一些循环:
下面是买火车票的程序:
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream.h>//这里分两步,会出现一些问题 #include<iostream> using namespace std;
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
int index=0;
int tickets=100;
int main()
{
HANDLE hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc1,NULL,0,NULL);
HANDLE hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc2,NULL,0,NULL);
CloseHandle(hThread1);
CloseHandle(hThread2);
/*while(index++<1000)
cout<<"main Thread runing"<<endl;*/
Sleep(4000);
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
)
{
/*while(index++<1000)
cout<<"Thread1 runing"<<endl;*/
while(TRUE)
{
if(tickets>0)
cout<<"the Thread1 sell ticket "<<tickets--<<endl;
else
{
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(LPVOID lpParameter )
{
while(TRUE)
{
if(tickets>0)
cout<<"the Thread2 sell ticket "<<tickets--<<endl;
else
{
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
这段代码有没有问题呢?看看运行结果先:
一张票数卖了两次,如果运行多次,还可能出现,卖了票号为0的火车票
这是什么原因导致的呢?这是因为,线程在直线到了一般,时间片到了,被另一个线程截断,所以导致数据的不一致性,怎么解决呢?
引入线程同步:
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream.h>//这里分两步,会出现一些问题 #include<iostream> using namespace std;
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
int index=0;
int tickets=100;
HANDLE hMutex;
int main()
{
HANDLE hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc1,NULL,0,NULL);
HANDLE hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc2,NULL,0,NULL);
CloseHandle(hThread1);
CloseHandle(hThread2);
hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);//创建了一个互斥对象,第二个参数为FALSE说明当前线程没有拥有该互斥对象
Sleep(4000);
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
)
{
while(TRUE)
{
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);//获取了该互斥对象,INFINITE是无限时间
if(tickets>0)
{
cout<<"the Thread1 sell ticket "<<tickets--<<endl;
}
else
{
break;
}
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);//释放该互斥对象
}
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(LPVOID lpParameter )
{
while(TRUE)
{
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);//获取了该互斥对象,INFINITE是无限时间
if(tickets>0)
{
cout<<"the Thread2 sell ticket "<<tickets--<<endl;
}
else
{
break;
}
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);//释放该互斥对象
}
return 0;
}
线程完美运行。每个互斥对象中有一个ID计数器,CreateMutex(NULL,TRUE,NULL),计数+1,WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE)计数+1,同一个线程可以拥有多次互斥对象,但也要相应的释放多次对象,这样才能被其他的线程所拥有,一个线程拥有互斥对象,只能由该线程去释放该互斥对象。
CreateMutex(NULL,TRUE,NULL)和ReleaseMutex(hMutex) 与 WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE)和ReleaseMutex(hMutex)的关系可以用孙鑫老师说的 房间和钥匙的关系去解释
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);//获取了该互斥对象,INFINITE是无限时间
if(tickets>0)
{
cout<<"the Thread1 sell ticket "<<tickets--<<endl;
}
else
{
break;
}
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);//释放该互斥对象
如果没有其他线程拥有互斥对象,说明该互斥对象是有信号的。
处于上面的代码(WaitForSingleObject和ReleaseMutex之间的代码是保护的,不允许别的线程中途掺进去)
对于下面这段代码,谁能解释下面的问题,如果有人知道答案,请留言
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream.h>//这里分两步,会出现一些问题 #include<iostream> using namespace std;
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
int index=0;
int tickets=100;
HANDLE hMutex;
int main()
{
HANDLE hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc1,NULL,0,NULL);
HANDLE hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc2,NULL,0,NULL);
CloseHandle(hThread1);
CloseHandle(hThread2);
hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);//创建了一个互斥对象,第二个参数为FALSE说明当前线程没有拥有该互斥对象
Sleep(4000);
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
)
{
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);//获取了该互斥对象,INFINITE是无限时间
while(TRUE)
{
if(tickets>0)
{
cout<<"the Thread1 sell ticket "<<tickets--<<endl;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);//释放该互斥对象
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(LPVOID lpParameter )
{
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);//获取了该互斥对象,INFINITE是无限时间
while(TRUE)
{
if(tickets>0)
{
cout<<"the Thread2 sell ticket "<<tickets--<<endl;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);//释放该互斥对象
return 0;
}
答案是:
仅仅是因为孙鑫老师当年用的是单核CPU吗?为什么结果不一样的,谁能解释一下。我的理解:不是全部由线程1运行 就是全部由线程2运行(一开始两个线程抢占CPU资源)
当我运行了10多次之后,终于运行出了一个像样的答案。
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream.h>//这里分两步,会出现一些问题 #include<iostream> using namespace std;
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
int index=0;
int tickets=100;
HANDLE hMutex;
int main()
{
HANDLE hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc1,NULL,0,NULL);
HANDLE hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc2,NULL,0,NULL);
CloseHandle(hThread1);
CloseHandle(hThread2);
//hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);//创建了一个互斥对象,第二个参数为FALSE说明当前线程没有拥有该互斥对象
hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,TRUE,NULL);
Sleep(2000);
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
)
{
while(TRUE)
{
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);//获取了该互斥对象,INFINITE是无限时间
if(tickets>0)
{
cout<<"the Thread1 sell ticket "<<tickets--<<endl;
}
else
{
break;
}
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);//释放该互斥对象
}
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(LPVOID lpParameter )
{
while(TRUE)
{
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);//获取了该互斥对象,INFINITE是无限时间
if(tickets>0)
{
cout<<"the Thread2 sell ticket "<<tickets--<<endl;
}
else
{
break;
}
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);//释放该互斥对象
}
return 0;
}
此时的主线程Main是占着茅坑不拉屎,因为互斥对象中ID计数是1,下面两个线程不能拥有互斥对象。
要想解决这个问题,只能在主线程中使用 ReleaseMutex方法,而不能是在线程1,线程2中的WaitForSingleObject前面使用ReleaseMutex,谁拥有的,谁去释放。
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream.h>//这里分两步,会出现一些问题 #include<iostream> using namespace std;
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
int index=0;
int tickets=100;
HANDLE hMutex;
int main()
{
HANDLE hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc1,NULL,0,NULL);
HANDLE hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc2,NULL,0,NULL);
CloseHandle(hThread1);
CloseHandle(hThread2);
//hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);//创建了一个互斥对象,第二个参数为FALSE说明当前线程没有拥有该互斥对象
hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,TRUE,NULL);
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
Sleep(2000);
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
)
{
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
cout<<"Thread1"<<endl;
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(LPVOID lpParameter )
{
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
cout<<"Thread2"<<endl;
return 0;
}
答案是:
如果一个线程在结束前没有释放互斥对象,则操作系统会帮它释放。上面就是最好的解释。
知道返回值,可以知道上一个线程的互斥是怎么释放的。
创建一个命名的互斥对象,可以实现“单例模型”设计方法。
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream.h>//这里分两步,会出现一些问题 #include<iostream> using namespace std;
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);
int index=0;
int tickets=100;
HANDLE hMutex;
int main()
{
HANDLE hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc1,NULL,0,NULL);
HANDLE hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,ThreadProc2,NULL,0,NULL);
CloseHandle(hThread1);
CloseHandle(hThread2);
//hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);//创建了一个互斥对象,第二个参数为FALSE说明当前线程没有拥有该互斥对象
//hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,TRUE,NULL);
hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,TRUE,"tickets");
if(ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS==GetLastError())
{
cout<<"only one Instance can run!"<<endl;
return 0;
}
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
Sleep(2000);
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc1(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
)
{
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
cout<<"Thread1"<<endl;
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc2(LPVOID lpParameter )
{
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
cout<<"Thread2"<<endl;
return 0;
}
下面是一个简单的聊天程序:
AfxSocketInit用来加载XX库文件,相当于WIN32中的WSAStartup函数:
这个函数用在CXXApp中的InitInstance中最合适 包含Afxsock.h 添加到StdAfx.h头文件中
BOOL CChatApp::InitInstance()
{
if(!AfxSocketInit())
{
AfxMessageBox("加载失败");
return FALSE;
}。。。。
添加成员函数:
BOOL CChatDlg::InitSocket()
{
m_socket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
if(INVALID_SOCKET ==m_socket)
{
AfxMessageBox("套接字创建失败");
return FALSE;
}
SOCKADDR_IN addrserver;
addrserver.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
addrserver.sin_family=AF_INET;
addrserver.sin_port=htons(6000);
int revle;
revle=bind(m_socket,(SOCKADDR*)&addrserver,sizeof(SOCKADDR));
if(SOCKET_ERROR==revle)
{
closesocket(m_socket);
AfxMessageBox("绑定失败");
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
添加成语变量 结构体:
struct RECVPARAM
{
SOCKET sockparam;
HWND hwnd;
};
在OnInitDialog中:
InitSocket();
RECVPARAM *precvparam=new RECVPARAM;
precvparam->sockparam=m_socket;
precvparam->hwnd=m_hWnd;
HANDLE hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,Recvfun,(LPVOID)precvparam,0,NULL);
CloseHandle(hThread1);
添加一个成员函数(静态成员函数),其实这里使用一个全局的函数更好
static DWORD WINAPI Recvfun(LPVOID lpParameter);//线程函数
DWORD WINAPI CChatDlg::Recvfun(LPVOID lpParameter)
{
SOCKET sock=((RECVPARAM*)lpParameter)->sockparam;
HWND hwnd=((RECVPARAM*)lpParameter)->hwnd;
SOCKADDR_IN addrclient;
int len=sizeof(SOCKADDR);
char recvBuffer[100];
char sendBuffer[100];
char tempBuffer[200];
int reval;
while(TRUE)
{
reval=recvfrom(sock,recvBuffer,100,0,(SOCKADDR*)&addrclient,&len);
if(SOCKET_ERROR ==reval)
break;
sprintf(tempBuffer,"%s 说 %s",inet_ntoa(addrclient.sin_addr),recvBuffer);
::PostMessage(hwnd,WM_RECVDATA,0,(LPARAM)tempBuffer);
}
return 0;
}
头文件:
#define WM_RECVDATA WM_USER+1
protected:
HICON m_hIcon;
// Generated message map functions
//{{AFX_MSG(CChatDlg)
virtual BOOL OnInitDialog();
afx_msg void OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam);
afx_msg void OnPaint();
afx_msg HCURSOR OnQueryDragIcon();
//}}AFX_MSG
afx_msg void OnRecvData(WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam);
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CChatDlg, CDialog)
//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CChatDlg)
ON_WM_SYSCOMMAND()
ON_WM_PAINT()
ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON()
//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
ON_MESSAGE(WM_RECVDATA,OnRecvData)
END_MESSAGE_MAP()
void CChatDlg::OnRecvData(WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
CString str=(char*)lParam;
CString strtemp;
GetDlgItemText(ID_JIESHOU,strtemp);
str+="\r\n";
str+=strtemp;
SetDlgItemText(ID_JIESHOU,str);
}
void CChatDlg::OnSend()
{
// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
DWORD dwIp;
((CIPAddressCtrl*)GetDlgItem(ID_IPADDRESS))->GetAddress(dwIp);
SOCKADDR_IN addrto;
addrto.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr=htonl(dwIp);
addrto.sin_family=AF_INET;
addrto.sin_port=htons(6000);
CString strsend;
GetDlgItemText(ID_FASONG,strsend);
sendto(m_socket,strsend,strsend.GetLength()+1,0,(SOCKADDR*)&addrto,sizeof(SOCKADDR));
SetDlgItemText(ID_FASONG,"");
}