连接数据库时常见的问题及解决方案

<wbr><span style="font-size:18px"></span> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">MSSQLServer</span>数据库在机器上都是以服务的形式存在的，而服务在登录之前就已经启动了，那么怎么来查看已经装好<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">SQLServer</span>数据库后的服务呢？</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1）</span>在运行窗口中（<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">Ctrl+R</span>）输入：<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">service.msc</span>，在打开的服务窗口中找到下图字样：</span></p> <div><span style="font-size:18px"> <img title="连接数据库时常见的问题及解决办法 - 阴慧超 - 阴慧超-廊坊师范八期提高班！" height="73" alt="连接数据库时常见的问题及解决办法 - 阴慧超 - 阴慧超-廊坊师范八期提高班！" src="http://hi.csdn.net/attachment/201108/27/0_13144438705sTt.gif" width="199"><span style="color:#0000ff">第一项就是我们的数据库服务</span></span></div> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2）</span>右击我的电脑→管理→服务和应用程序→服务，进入服务窗口找到上图的字样即是数据库服务。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px">3） 在SQL配置工具的配置管理器中查看服务。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"></span></p> <p><strong><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"></span>在下面的连接数据库时需要注意的几点：</span></span></strong></p> <div><span style="font-size:18px"><img alt="" src="http://hi.csdn.net/attachment/201108/27/0_13144439074Ev7.gif"></span></div> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1、</span>服务器名称一般有四种写法<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">(IP</span>地址[<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">\</span>数据库的实例名称]<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span>：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px; color:#000080">**注意：[]里面的数据库实例名可以省略，在问题2中介绍省略的情况。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1</span>）<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">127.0.0.1[\sqlexpress]</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">127.0.0.1</span>代表本地的地址</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2</span>）<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">. [\sqlexpress]</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> </span> 一个点代表本机地址</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">3</span>）<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">localhost[\sqlexpress]</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> localhost</span>代表本机地址</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">4</span>）通过计算机名来连接→计算机名\实例名</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"> 用这种方式可以远程连接别的计算机的数据库</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2、</span>关于实例名：因为一台机器上可以装多个数据库（比如<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">05</span>数据库，<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">08</span>数据库）那怎么区分<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">05</span>和<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">08</span>的数据呢？当你在装第一个数据库的时候，一般情况下这个数据会默认实例名，所以在连接数据库时服务器名直接写<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">IP</span>地址不用写实例名。<img alt="" src="http://hi.csdn.net/attachment/201108/27/0_1314443923CtYG.gif"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"></span>像图中这种情况不是默认实例名，所以在写服务器时必须写成（<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">IP\</span>实例名）这种格式。（<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#ff00ff">SQL Server(MSSQLServer)</span>这种样式才是默认实例名，直接写<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">IP</span>即可<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span>）</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">3、</span>当“服务器名称”通过（<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">. \sqlexpress</span>）点能连接上，但是通过本机<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">IP</span>地址（<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">127.0.0.1\sqlexpress</span>）连不上时：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">1</span>）查看<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">sQL Server Browser</span>服务是否已启动。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2</span>）确保下面的<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">TCP/IP</span>协议是开启的。</span></p> <div><span style="font-size:18px"> <img alt="" src="http://hi.csdn.net/attachment/201108/27/0_1314443934rHrQ.gif"></span></div> <p><span style="font-size:18px"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">3</span>）前两步设置好后，重新启动一下服务即可</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">4、</span>身份验证有两种方式：（<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">windows</span>身份验证、<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">SQLServer</span>身份验证）</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">5. </span> 当用<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">windows</span>身份验证能连接上，但用<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">SQLServer</span>身份‘<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">sa</span>’连接不上时：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> i. </span>检查服务器身份验证方式：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px">先用<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">windows</span>连接上，右击服务器名→属性→安全性→服务器身份验证（选择<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">SQL Server</span>和<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">Windows</span>身份验证模式）</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> ii. </span>检查<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">sa</span>用户名是否已经启用：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px">先用<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">windows</span>身份登录，找到安全性→登录名→<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">sa</span>（右击）→属性→状态→登录（选择启用）</span></p> <div><span style="font-size:18px"> <img alt="" src="http://hi.csdn.net/attachment/201108/27/0_131444394477Iy.gif"></span></div> <p><span style="font-size:18px"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px">在用数据库的时候遇到的最多的就是上面提到的连接数据库的问题，<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">SQL</span>语句写的再怎么牛×，数据库表建的再怎么符合三范式，第一步数据库连接问题都解决不了不免会被人耻笑，虽然我们暂时还不太了解这其中太深的内幕，先让我们把最常遇到的这几个问题的解决方案了解，那么后面的问题会随着我们对数据库逐渐深的认识慢慢的迎刃而解<img alt="微笑" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/xheditor/xheditor_emot/default/smile.gif">。</span></p> </wbr>