java的socket编程总结大全

<span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">一,网络编程中两个主要的问题</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">一个是如何准确的定位网络上一台或多台主机,另一个就是找到主机后如何可靠高效的进行数据传输。在TCP/IP协议中IP层主要负责网络主机的定位,数据传输的路由,由IP地址可以唯一地确定Internet上的一台主机。而TCP层则提供面向应用的可靠(tcp)的或非可靠(UDP)的数据传输机制,这是网络编程的主要对象,一般不需要关心IP层是如何处理数据的。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">目前较为流行的网络编程模型是客户机/服务器(C/S)结构。即通信双方一方作为服务器等待客户提出请求并予以响应。客户则在需要服务时向服务器提 出申请。服务器一般作为守护进程始终运行,监听网络端口,一旦有客户请求,就会启动一个服务进程来响应该客户,同时自己继续监听服务端口,使后来的客户也 能及时得到服务。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">二,两类传输协议:TCP;UDP</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    </span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  TCP是Tranfer Control Protocol的 简称,是一种面向连接的保证可靠传输的协议。通过TCP协议传输,得到的是一个顺序的无差错的数据流。发送方和接收方的成对的两个socket之间必须建 立连接,以便在TCP协议的基础上进行通信,当一个socket(通常都是server socket)等待建立连接时,另一个socket可以要求进行连接,一旦这两个socket连接起来,它们就可以进行双向数据传输,双方都可以进行发送 或接收操作。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">UDP是User Datagram Protocol的简称,是一种无连接的协议,每个数据报都是一个独立的信息,包括完整的源地址或目的地址,它在网络上以任何可能的路径传往目的地,因此能否到达目的地,到达目的地的时间以及内容的正确性都是不能被保证的。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">比较:</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">UDP:1,每个数据报中都给出了完整的地址信息,因此无需要建立发送方和接收方的连接。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">2,UDP传输数据时是有大小限制的,每个被传输的数据报必须限定在64KB之内。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">3,UDP是一个不可靠的协议,发送方所发送的数据报并不一定以相同的次序到达接收方</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">TCP:1,面向连接的协议,在socket之间进行数据传输之前必然要建立连接,所以在TCP中需要连接时间。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">2,TCP传输数据大小限制,一旦连接建立起来,双方的socket就可以按统一的格式传输大的数据。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">3,TCP是一个可靠的协议,它确保接收方完全正确地获取发送方所发送的全部数据。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">应用:</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">   1,TCP在网络通信上有极强的生命力,例如远程连接(Telnet)和文件传输(FTP)都需要不定长度的数据被可靠地传输。但是可靠的传输是要付出代价的,对数据内容正确性的检验必然占用计算机的处理时间和网络的带宽,因此TCP传输的效率不如UDP高。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">2,UDP操作简单,而且仅需要较少的监护,因此通常用于局域网高可靠性的分散系统中client/server应用程序。例如视频会议系统,并不要求音频视频数据绝对的正确,只要保证连贯性就可以了,这种情况下显然使用UDP会更合理一些。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">三,基于Socket的</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">网络编程</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">1,什么是Socket</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">网络上的两个程序通过一个双向的通讯连接实现数据的交换,这个双向链路的一端称为一个Socket。Socket通常用来实现客户方和服务方的连接。Socket是TCP/IP协议的一个十分流行的编程界面,一个Socket由一个IP地址和一个端口号唯一确定。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">但是,Socket所支持的协议种类也不光TCP/IP一种,因此两者之间是没有必然联系的。在</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">环境下,Socket编程主要是指基于TCP/IP协议的网络编程。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">2,Socket通讯的过程</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">Server端Listen(监听)某个端口是否有连接请求,Client端向Server 端发出Connect(连接)请求,Server端向Client端发回Accept(接受)消息。一个连接就建立起来了。Server端和Client 端都可以通过Send,Write等方法与对方通信。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">对于一个功能齐全的Socket,都要包含以下基本结构,其工作过程包含以下四个基本的步骤:</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    (1) 创建Socket;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    (2) 打开连接到Socket的输入/出流;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    (3) 按照一定的协议对Socket进行读/写操作;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    (4) 关闭Socket.(在实际应用中,并未使用到显示的close,虽然很多文章都推荐如此,不过在我的程序中,可能因为程序本身比较简单,要求不高,所以并未造成什么影响。)</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">3,创建Socket</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">在包java.net中提供了两个类Socket和ServerSocket,分别用来表示双向连接的客户端和服务端。这是两个封装得非常好的类,使用很方便。其构造方法如下:</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      Socket(InetAddress address, int port);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      Socket(InetAddress address, int port, boolean stream);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      Socket(String host, int prot);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      Socket(String host, int prot, boolean stream);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      Socket(SocketImpl impl)</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      Socket(String host, int port, InetAddress localAddr, int localPort)</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      Socket(InetAddress address, int port, InetAddress localAddr, int localPort)</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      ServerSocket(int port);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      ServerSocket(int port, int backlog);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      ServerSocket(int port, int backlog, InetAddress bindAddr)</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  其中address、host和port分别是双向连接中另一方的IP地址、主机名和端 口号,stream指明socket是流socket还是数据报socket,localPort表示本地主机的端口号,localAddr和 bindAddr是本地机器的地址(ServerSocket的主机地址),impl是socket的父类,既可以用来创建serverSocket又可 以用来创建Socket。count则表示服务端所能支持的最大连接数。例如:</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      Socket client = new Socket("127.0.01.", 80);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">      ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(80);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  注意,在选择端口时,必须小心。每一个端口提供一种特定的服务,只有给出正确的端口,才 能获得相应的服务。0~1023的端口号为系统所保留,例如http服务的端口号为80,telnet服务的端口号为21,ftp服务的端口号为23, 所以我们在选择端口号时,最好选择一个大于1023的数以防止发生冲突。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  在创建socket时如果发生错误,将产生IOException,在程序中必须对之作出处理。所以在创建Socket或ServerSocket是必须捕获或抛出例外。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">4,简单的Client/Server程序</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">1. 客户端程序</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    import java.io.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    import java.net.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    public class TalkClient {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        public static void main(String args[]) {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            try{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                Socket socket=new Socket("127.0.0.1",4700);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //向本机的4700端口发出客户请求</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                BufferedReader sin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //由系统标准输入设备构造BufferedReader对象</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                PrintWriter os=new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //由Socket对象得到输出流,并构造PrintWriter对象</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                BufferedReader is=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //由Socket对象得到输入流,并构造相应的BufferedReader对象</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                String readline;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                readline=sin.readLine(); //从系统标准输入读入一字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                while(!readline.equals("bye")) {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    //若从标准输入读入的字符串为 "bye"则停止循环</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    os.println(readline); //将从系统标准输入读入的字符串输出到Server</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    os.flush(); //刷新输出流,使Server马上收到该字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    System.out.println("Client:"+readline); //在系统标准输出上打印读入的字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    System.out.println("Server:"+is.readLine()); //从Server读入一字符串,并打印到标准输出上</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    readline=sin.readLine(); //从系统标准输入读入一字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                } //继续循环</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                os.close(); //关闭Socket输出流</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                is.close(); //关闭Socket输入流</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                socket.close(); //关闭Socket</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            }catch(Exception e) {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                System.out.println("Error"+e); //出错,则打印出错信息</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">2. 服务器端程序</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  import java.io.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  import java.net.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  import java.applet.Applet;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  public class TalkServer{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    public static void main(String args[]) {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        try{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            ServerSocket server=null;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            try{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                server=new ServerSocket(4700);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //创建一个ServerSocket在端口4700监听客户请求</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            }catch(Exception e) {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                System.out.println("can not listen to:"+e);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //出错,打印出错信息</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            Socket socket=null;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            try{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                socket=server.accept();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //使用accept()阻塞等待客户请求,有客户</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //请求到来则产生一个Socket对象,并继续执行</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            }catch(Exception e) {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                System.out.println("Error."+e);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //出错,打印出错信息</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            String line;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            BufferedReader is=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //由Socket对象得到输入流,并构造相应的BufferedReader对象</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            PrintWriter os=newPrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //由Socket对象得到输出流,并构造PrintWriter对象</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            BufferedReader sin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //由系统标准输入设备构造BufferedReader对象</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            System.out.println("Client:"+is.readLine());</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //在标准输出上打印从客户端读入的字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            line=sin.readLine();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //从标准输入读入一字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            while(!line.equals("bye")){</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //如果该字符串为 "bye",则停止循环</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                os.println(line);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //向客户端输出该字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                os.flush();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //刷新输出流,使Client马上收到该字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                System.out.println("Server:"+line);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //在系统标准输出上打印读入的字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                System.out.println("Client:"+is.readLine());</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //从Client读入一字符串,并打印到标准输出上</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                line=sin.readLine();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //从系统标准输入读入一字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            }  //继续循环</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            os.close(); //关闭Socket输出流</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            is.close(); //关闭Socket输入流</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            socket.close(); //关闭Socket</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            server.close(); //关闭ServerSocket</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">          }catch(Exception e){</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            System.out.println("Error:"+e);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //出错,打印出错信息</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">          }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">}</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">5,支持多客户的client/server程序</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">前面的Client/Server程序只能实现Server和一个客户的对话。在实际应用 中,往往是在服务器上运行一个永久的程序,它可以接收来自其他多个客户端的请求,提供相应的服务。为了实现在服务器方给多个客户提供服务的功能,需要对上 面的程序进行改造,利用多线程实现多客户机制。服务器总是在指定的端口上监听是否有客户请求,一旦监听到客户请求,服务器就会启动一个专门的服务线程来响 应该客户的请求,而服务器本身在启动完线程之后马上又进入监听状态,等待下一个客户的到来。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    ServerSocket serverSocket=null;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    boolean listening=true;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    try{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        serverSocket=new ServerSocket(4700);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        //创建一个ServerSocket在端口4700监听客户请求</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    }catch(IOException e) {  }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    while(listening){ //永远循环监听</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        new ServerThread(serverSocket.accept(),clientnum).start();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        //监听到客户请求,根据得到的Socket对象和</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        客户计数创建服务线程,并启动之</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        clientnum++; //增加客户计数</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    serverSocket.close(); //关闭ServerSocket</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    设计ServerThread类</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    public class ServerThread extends Thread{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        Socket socket=null; //保存与本线程相关的Socket对象</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        int clientnum; //保存本进程的客户计数</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        public ServerThread(Socket socket,int num) { //构造函数</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            this.socket=socket; //初始化socket变量</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            clientnum=num+1; //初始化clientnum变量</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        public void run() { //线程主体</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            try{//在这里实现数据的接受和发送}</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">四,Datagram通讯</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">在TCP/IP协议的传输层除了TCP协议之外还有一个UDP协议,相比而言UDP的应用不如TCP广泛,几个标准的应用层协议HTTP,FTP,SMTP…使用的都是TCP协议。但是,UDP协议可以应用在需要很强的实时交互性的场合,如网络游戏,视频会议等。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">1,什么是Datagram</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">数据报(Datagram)就跟日常生活中的邮件系统一样,是不能保证可靠的寄到的,而面向链接的TCP就好比电话,双方能肯定对方接受到了信息。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">TCP,可靠,传输大小无限制,但是需要连接建立时间,差错控制开销大。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">UDP,不可靠,差错控制开销较小,传输大小限制在64K以下,不需要建立连接。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">2,Datagram使用</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">包java.net中提供了两个类DatagramSocket和DatagramPacket用来支持数据报通信,DatagramSocket用于在程序之间建立传送数据报的通信连接, DatagramPacket则用来表示一个数据报。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">DatagramSocket的构造方法:</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">DatagramSocket();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">   DatagramSocket(int prot);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">   DatagramSocket(int port, InetAddress laddr)</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">其中,port指明socket所使用的端口号,如果未指明端口号,则把socket连接到 本地主机上一个可用的端口。laddr指明一个可用的本地地址。给出端口号时要保证不发生端口冲突,否则会生成SocketException类例外。注 意:上述的两个构造方法都声明抛弃非运行时例外SocketException,程序中必须进行处理,或者捕获、或者声明抛弃。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">用数据报方式编写client/server程序时,无论在客户方还是服务方,首先都要建立一个DatagramSocket对象,用来接收或发送数据报,然后使用DatagramPacket类对象作为传输数据的载体。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">DatagramPacket的构造方法 :</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">   DatagramPacket(byte buf[],int length);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">   DatagramPacket(byte buf[], int length, InetAddress addr, int port);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">   DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int offset, int length);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">   DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int offset, int length, InetAddress address, int port);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">其中,buf中存放数据报数据,length为数据报中数据的长度,addr和port旨明目的地址,offset指明了数据报的位移量。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">在接收数据前,应该采用上面的第一种方法生成一个DatagramPacket对象,给出接收数据的缓冲区及其长度。然后调用DatagramSocket 的方法receive()等待数据报的到来,receive()将一直等待,直到收到一个数据报为止。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buf, 256);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  Socket.receive (packet);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">发送数据前,也要先生成一个新的DatagramPacket对象,这时要使用上面的第二种 构造方法,在给出存放发送数据的缓冲区的同时,还要给出完整的目的地址,包括IP地址和端口号。发送数据是通过DatagramSocket的方法 send()实现的,send()根据数据报的目的地址来寻径,以传递数据报。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buf, length, address, port);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  Socket.send(packet);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">在构造数据报时,要给出InetAddress类参数。类InetAddress在包java.net中定义,用来表示一个Internet地址,我们可 以通过它提供的类方法getByName()从一个表示主机名的字符串获取该主机的IP地址,然后再获取相应的地址信息。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">3,用Datagram进行广播通讯(MulticastSocket)</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">DatagramSocket只允许数据报发送一个目的地址,java.net包中提供了一个类MulticastSocket,允许数据报以广播方式发送到该端口的所有客户。MulticastSocket用在客户端,监听服务器广播来的数据。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">1. 客户方程序:MulticastClient.java</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  import java.io.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  import java.net.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  import java.util.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">  public class MulticastClient {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        MulticastSocket socket=new MulticastSocket(4446);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        //创建4446端口的广播套接字</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        InetAddress address=InetAddress.getByName("230.0.0.1");</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        //得到230.0.0.1的地址信息</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        socket.joinGroup(address);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        //使用joinGroup()将广播套接字绑定到地址上</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        DatagramPacket packet;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        for(int i=0;i<5;i++) {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            byte[] buf=new byte[256];</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //创建缓冲区</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            packet=new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //创建接收数据报</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            socket.receive(packet); //接收</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            String received=new String(packet.getData());</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //由接收到的数据报得到字节数组,</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //并由此构造一个String对象</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            System.out.println("Quote of theMoment:"+received);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //打印得到的字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        } //循环5次</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        socket.leaveGroup(address);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        //把广播套接字从地址上解除绑定</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        socket.close(); //关闭广播套接字</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">}</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"> 2. 服务器方程序:MulticastServer.java</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    public class MulticastServer{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        public static void main(String args[]) throws java.io.IOException</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            new MulticastServerThread().start();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //启动一个服务器线程</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"> 3. 程序MulticastServerThread.java</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    import java.io.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    import java.net.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    import java.util.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    public class MulticastServerThread extends QuoteServerThread</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    //从QuoteServerThread继承得到新的服务器线程类MulticastServerThread</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        Private long FIVE_SECOND=5000; //定义常量,5秒钟</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        public MulticastServerThread(String name) throws IOException</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            super("MulticastServerThread");</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            //调用父类,也就是QuoteServerThread的构造函数</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        public void run() //重写父类的线程主体</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            while(moreQuotes) {</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                //根据标志变量判断是否继续循环</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                try{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    byte[] buf=new byte[256];</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    //创建缓冲区</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    String dString=null;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    if(in==null) dString=new Date().toString();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    //如果初始化的时候打开文件失败了,</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    //则使用日期作为要传送的字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    else dString=getNextQuote();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    //否则调用成员函数从文件中读出字符串</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    buf=dString.getByte();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    //把String转换成字节数组,以便传送send it</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    InetAddress group=InetAddress.getByName("230.0.0.1");</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    //得到230.0.0.1的地址信息</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length,group,4446);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    //根据缓冲区,广播地址,和端口号创建DatagramPacket对象</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    socket.send(packet); //发送该Packet</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    try{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                        sleep((long)(Math.random()*FIVE_SECONDS));</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                        //随机等待一段时间,0~5秒之间</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    }catch(InterruptedException e) { } //异常处理</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    }catch(IOException e){ //异常处理</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                        e.printStackTrace( ); //打印错误栈</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                        moreQuotes=false; //置结束循环标志</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                    }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">                }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">            socket.close( ); //关闭广播套接口</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">        }</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px;">    }</span>
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