rabbitmq学习6:RPC

   在《rabbitmq学习2:Work Queues 》中我们已经知道了在多个worker如何分配耗时的任务。如果我现在要在远程的机器上运行然后得到结果，那应当怎么做呢？那就要用到RPC（Remote Procedure Call or RPC ）了！

   关于RPC的介绍请参考百度百科里的关于RPC的介绍：http://baike.baidu.com/view/32726.htm#sub32726

   现在来看看来看看Rabbitmq中RPC吧！RPC的工作示意图如下：

   上图中的C代表客户端，S表示服务器端；Rabbitmq中的RPC流程如下：

1、首先客户端发送一个reply_to和corrention_id的请求,发布到RPC队列中；

2、服务器端处理这个请求，并把处理结果发布到一个回调Queue,此Queue的名称应当与reply_to的名称一致

3、客户端从回调Queue中得到先前corrention_id设定的值的处理结果。如果碰到和先前不一样的corrention_id的值，将会忽略而不是抛出异常。

 

  对于上面所提到的回调Queue中的消费处理使用的是BasicProperties类；而消息 属性在AMQP的协议中规定有14个；而很多大部分我们没有用到。常用的几个属性有：

Message properties
The AMQP protocol predefine a set of 14 properties that go with a message. Most of the properties are rarely used, with the exception of the following:

delivery_mode: Marks a message as persistent (with a value of 2) or transient (any other value). You may remember this property from the second tutorial. 
content_type: Used to describe the mime-type of the encoding. For example for the often used JSON encoding it is a good practice to set this property to: application/json. 
reply_to: Commonly used to name a callback queue. 
correlation_id: Useful to correlate RPC responses with requests. 

 

 delivery_mode : 标记消息是持久性消息还是瞬态信息。在前面的“Work Queue”中我们已经提到过；   

  content_type : 用来描述MIME的类型。如把其类型设定为JSON；

  reply_to : 用于命名一个回调Queue；

  correlation_id : 用于与相关联的请求的RPC响应.

  现在我们就开始RPC的程序吧！

client的代码如下：

package com.abin.rabbitmq;

import java.util.UUID;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.BasicProperties;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

public class RPCClient {
	private Connection connection;
	private Channel channel;
	private String requestQueueName = "rpc_queue";
	private String replyQueueName;
	private QueueingConsumer consumer;

	public RPCClient() throws Exception {
		ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
		factory.setHost("localhost");
		connection = factory.newConnection();
		channel = connection.createChannel();

		replyQueueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
		consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
		channel.basicConsume(replyQueueName, true, consumer);
	}

	public String call(String message) throws Exception {
		String response = null;
		String corrId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

		BasicProperties props = new BasicProperties();
		props.setReplyTo(replyQueueName);
		props.setCorrelationId(corrId);

		channel.basicPublish("", requestQueueName, props, message.getBytes());

		while (true) {
			QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
			if (delivery.getProperties().getCorrelationId().equals(corrId)) {
				response = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
				break;
			}
		}

		return response;
	}

	public void close() throws Exception {
		connection.close();
	}

	public static void main(String[] argv) {
		RPCClient fibonacciRpc = null;
		String response = null;
		try {
			fibonacciRpc = new RPCClient();

			System.out.println(" [x] Requesting fib(30)");
			response = fibonacciRpc.call("30");
			System.out.println(" [.] Got '" + response + "'");
			System.out.println(" [x] Requesting fib(-1)");
			response = fibonacciRpc.call("-1");
			System.out.println(" [.] Got '" + response + "'");
			System.out.println(" [x] Requesting fib(a)");
			response = fibonacciRpc.call("a");
			System.out.println(" [.] Got '" + response + "'");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (fibonacciRpc != null) {
				try {
					fibonacciRpc.close();
				} catch (Exception ignore) {
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

 

 server的代码如下：

package com.abin.rabbitmq;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.BasicProperties;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

public class RPCServer {
	private static final String RPC_QUEUE_NAME = "rpc_queue";

	private static int fib(int n) {
		if (n > 1)
			return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
		else
			return n;
	}

	public static void main(String[] argv) {
		Connection connection = null;
		Channel channel = null;
		try {
			ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
			factory.setHost("localhost");

			connection = factory.newConnection();
			channel = connection.createChannel();

			channel.queueDeclare(RPC_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);

			channel.basicQos(1);

			QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
			channel.basicConsume(RPC_QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);

			System.out.println(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests");

			while (true) {
				String response = null;

				QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();

				BasicProperties props = delivery.getProperties();
				BasicProperties replyProps = new BasicProperties();
				replyProps.setCorrelationId(props.getCorrelationId());

				try {
					String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
					int n = Integer.parseInt(message);

					System.out.println(" [.] fib(" + message + ")");
					response = "" + fib(n);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					System.out.println(" [.] " + e.toString());
					response = "";
				} finally {
					channel.basicPublish("", props.getReplyTo(), replyProps,
							response.getBytes("UTF-8"));

					channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(),
							false);
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (connection != null) {
				try {
					connection.close();
				} catch (Exception ignore) {
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

 

先运行服务器端，运行结果如下：

 [x] Awaiting RPC requests

   再运行运行客户端，运行结果如下：

 [x] Requesting fib(30)
 [.] Got '832040'
 [x] Requesting fib(-1)
 [.] Got '-1'
 [x] Requesting fib(a)
 [.] Got ''

   在服务器还可以出现：

 [.] fib(30)
 [.] fib(-1)
 [.] java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "a"