ContentProvider简介:
ContentProvider(数据提供者)是在应用程序间共享数据的一种接口机制
ContentProvider提供了更为高级的数据共享方法,应用程序可以指定需要共享的数据,而其他应用程序则可以在不知数据来源、路径的情况下,对共享数据进行查询、添加、删除和更新等操作
许多Android系统的内置数据也通过ContentProvider提供给用户使用,例如通讯录、音视频文件和图像文件等
在创建ContentProvider时,需要首先使用数据库、文件系统或网络实现底层存储功能,然后在继承ContentProvider的类中实现基本数据操作的接口函数,包括添加、删除、查找和更新等功能
调用者不能够直接调用ContentProvider的接口函数,而需要使用ContentResolver对象,通过URI间接调用ContentProvider。
使用ContentProvider可以在不同的应用程序之间共享数据。 它为存储和获取数据提供了统一的接口。
ContentProvide对数据进行封装,不用关心数据存储的细节。
Android系统提供了大量的ContentProvider,允许开发者来操作这些contentprovider所暴露的接口。
系统包:http://developer.android.com/intl/zh-cn/reference/android/provider/package-summary.html
联系人管理的Uri:
ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI:管理联系人
ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI:管理联系人的电话
ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTENT_URI:管理联系人的E-mail.
多媒体内容管理的Uri:
MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI:外部存储器上的音频文件
MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI:内部存储器上的音频文件
MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI:外部存储器上的图片文件
MediaStore.Images.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI:内部存储器上的图片文件
MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI:外部存储器上的视频文件
MediaStore.Video.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI:内部存储器上的视频文件
URI的简介:
Uri代表了要操作的数据,它为系统的每一个资源给其一个名字,比方说通话记录。每一个ContentProvider都拥有一个公共的URI,这个URI用于表示这个ContentProvider所提供的数据。
URI的格式 :
A:标准前缀,用来说明一个Content Provider控制这些数据,无法改变的;"content://"
B:URI 的标识,它定义了是哪个Content Provider提供这些数据。对于第三方应用程序,为了保证URI标识的唯一性,它必须是一个完整的、小写的类名。这个标识在元素的 authorities属性中说明:一般是定义该ContentProvider的包.类的名称; "content://hx.android.text.myprovider",这个部分就是ContentProvider的authority.
C:路径,通俗的讲就是你要操作的数据库中表的名字;"content://hx.android.text.myprovider/tablename"
D:如果URI中包含表示需要获取的记录的ID;则就返回该id对应的数据,如果没有ID,就表示返回全部; "content://hx.android.text.myprovider/tablename/#" #表示数据id,动态改变
注意:
路径(path):可以用来表示我们要操作的数据,路径的构建应根据业务而定,如下: •要操作contact表中id为10的记录,可以构建这样的路径:/contact/10 •要操作contact表中id为10的记录的name字段, contact/10/name •要操作contact表中的所有记录,可以构建这样的路径:/contact
要操作的数据不一定来自数据库,也可以是文件等他存储方式,如下: 要操作xml文件中contact节点下的name节点,可以构建这样的路径:/contact/name
如果要把一个字符串转换成Uri,可以使用Uri类中的parse()方法,如下: Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.changcheng.provider.contactprovider/contact")
工具类:UriMatcher :
为了确定该ContentProvider实际能处理的Uri,以及确定每个方法中Uri参数所操作的数据,Android提供了UriMacher工具类,用法如下:
1.首先把你需要匹配Uri路径全部给注册上(便于ContentProvider判断具体的操作,一般是确定对单个记录操作还是多个记录操作),如:
uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact”, 1);
uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact/#”, 2);
void addUri(String authority,String path,int code):该方法用于向UriMacher对象注册Uri.其中authority和path组合成一个Uri,而code则代表对应的标识码。标识码匹配Uri的类型,需要注册多少个Uri则根据业务需要。
2.注册完需要匹配的Uri后,就可以使用uriMatcher.match(uri)方法对输入的Uri进行匹配,如果匹配就返回匹配码.
//如果match()匹配路径,返回匹配码为1
content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact
//如果match()匹配路径,返回匹配码为2
content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact/23
int match(Uri uri):根据前面注册的Uri来判断指定Uri对应的标识码。如果找不到匹配的标识码,该方法将会返回-1。
用来解析来自ContentResolver传递过来的Uri则能知道这个Uri具体操作的类型,由uriMatcher.addURI指定,则根据返回的标识码就知道了要操作的类型(一般是确定对单个记录操作还是多个记录操作)。
工具类:ContentUris :
ContentUris类用于操作Uri字符串的工具类,它有两个比较实用的方法:
withAppendedId(uri, id)用于为路径加上ID部分:
Uri uri =Uri.parse("content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person")
Uri resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);
//生成后的Uri为:content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person/10
parseId(uri)方法用于从路径中获取ID部分:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person/10")
long personid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);//获取的结果为:10
ContentProvider的编程方法 :
程序开发人员通过继承ContentProvider类可以创建一个新的数据提供者,过程可以分为三步 :
继承ContentProvider,并重载六个函数
delete():删除数据集,返回被删除的记录条数
insert():添加数据集,返回新插入的记录的Uri
qurey():查询数据集,返回查询得到的Cursor
update():更新数据集,返回被更新的记录条数
onCreate():初始化底层数据集和建立数据连接等工作
getType():返回指定URI的MIME数据类型,
如果URI是单条数据,则返回的MIME数据类型应以vnd.android.cursor.item开头
如果URI是多条数据,则返回的MIME数据类型应以vnd.android.cursor.dir/开头
声明CONTENT_URI,实现UriMatcher
注册ContentProvider
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<provider android:name = ".PeopleProvider"
android:authorities = "edu.hrbeu.peopleprovider"/>
</application>
属性:
name:ContentProvider的实现类的类名
authorities:指定该ContentProvider对应的Uri(域名)
android:exported:指定该ContentProvider是否允许其他应用调用
ContentResolver的编程方法:
使用ContentProvider是通过Android组件都具有的ContentResolver对象,通过URI进行数据操作
程序开发人员只需要知道URI和数据集的数据格式,则可以进行数据操作,解决不同应用程序之间的数据共享问题
每个Android组件都具有一个ContentResolver对象,获取ContentResolver对象的方法是调用getContentResolver()函数
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
调用ContentResolver的如下方法:
insert(Uri url,ContentValues values):
delete(Uri url,String where String[] selectionArgs):
update(Uri uri,ContentValues values,String where,String[] selectionArgs):
query(Uri uri,String[] projection,String selection,String[] selectionArgs,String sortOrder):
ContentProviderDemo:
工具类:(用来暴露给使用者,用作说明文档)
package edu.hrbeu.ContentProviderDemo;
import android.net.Uri;
public class People{
public static final String MIME_DIR_PREFIX = "vnd.android.cursor.dir";
public static final String MIME_ITEM_PREFIX = "vnd.android.cursor.item";
public static final String MINE_ITEM = "vnd.hrbeu.people";
public static final String MINE_TYPE_SINGLE = MIME_ITEM_PREFIX + "/" + MINE_ITEM;
public static final String MINE_TYPE_MULTIPLE = MIME_DIR_PREFIX + "/" + MINE_ITEM;
public static final String AUTHORITY = "edu.hrbeu.peopleprovider";
public static final String PATH_SINGLE = "people/#";
public static final String PATH_MULTIPLE = "people";
public static final String CONTENT_URI_STRING = "content://" + AUTHORITY + "/" + PATH_MULTIPLE;
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse(CONTENT_URI_STRING);
public static final String KEY_ID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_NAME = "name";
public static final String KEY_AGE = "age";
public static final String KEY_HEIGHT = "height";
}
package edu.hrbeu.ContentProviderDemo;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQueryBuilder;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
public class PeopleProvider extends ContentProvider{
private static final String DB_NAME = "people.db";
private static final String DB_TABLE = "peopleinfo";
private static final int DB_VERSION = 1;
private SQLiteDatabase db;
private DBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper;
private static final int MULTIPLE_PEOPLE = 1;
private static final int SINGLE_PEOPLE = 2;
private static final UriMatcher uriMatcher;
static {
uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
uriMatcher.addURI(People.AUTHORITY, People.PATH_MULTIPLE, MULTIPLE_PEOPLE);
uriMatcher.addURI(People.AUTHORITY, People.PATH_SINGLE, SINGLE_PEOPLE);
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
switch(uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case MULTIPLE_PEOPLE:
return People.MINE_TYPE_MULTIPLE;
case SINGLE_PEOPLE:
return People.MINE_TYPE_SINGLE;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown uri:"+uri);
}
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
Context context = getContext();
dbOpenHelper = new DBOpenHelper(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if (db == null)
return false;
else
return true;
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
long id = db.insert(DB_TABLE, null, values);
if ( id > 0 ){
Uri newUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, id);
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(newUri, null);
return newUri;
}
throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri);
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
int count = 0;
switch(uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case MULTIPLE_PEOPLE:
count = db.delete(DB_TABLE, selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case SINGLE_PEOPLE:
String segment = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
count = db.delete(DB_TABLE, People.KEY_ID + "=" + segment, selectionArgs);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI:" + uri);
}
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
return count;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
qb.setTables(DB_TABLE);
switch(uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case SINGLE_PEOPLE:
qb.appendWhere(People.KEY_ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1));
break;
default:
break;
}
Cursor cursor = qb.query(db,
projection,
selection,
selectionArgs,
null,
null,
sortOrder);
cursor.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
return cursor;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
int count;
switch(uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case MULTIPLE_PEOPLE:
count = db.update(DB_TABLE, values, selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case SINGLE_PEOPLE:
String segment = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
count = db.update(DB_TABLE, values, People.KEY_ID+"="+segment, selectionArgs);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow URI:" + uri);
}
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
return count;
}
private static class DBOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public DBOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
}
private static final String DB_CREATE = "create table " +
DB_TABLE + " (" + People.KEY_ID + " integer primary key autoincrement, " +
People.KEY_NAME+ " text not null, " + People.KEY_AGE+ " integer," + People.KEY_HEIGHT + " float);";
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase _db) {
_db.execSQL(DB_CREATE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase _db, int _oldVersion, int _newVersion) {
_db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + DB_TABLE);
onCreate(_db);
}
}
}
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<provider android:name = ".PeopleProvider"
android:authorities = "edu.hrbeu.peopleprovider"/>
</application>
ContentResolverDemo:
工具类:
package edu.hrbeu.ContentResolverDemo;
import android.net.Uri;
public class People{
public static final String MIME_DIR_PREFIX = "vnd.android.cursor.dir";
public static final String MIME_ITEM_PREFIX = "vnd.android.cursor.item";
public static final String MINE_ITEM = "vnd.hrbeu.people";
public static final String MINE_TYPE_SINGLE = MIME_ITEM_PREFIX + "/" + MINE_ITEM;
public static final String MINE_TYPE_MULTIPLE = MIME_DIR_PREFIX + "/" + MINE_ITEM;
public static final String AUTHORITY = "edu.hrbeu.peopleprovider";
public static final String PATH_SINGLE = "people/#";
public static final String PATH_MULTIPLE = "people";
public static final String CONTENT_URI_STRING = "content://" + AUTHORITY + "/" + PATH_MULTIPLE;
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse(CONTENT_URI_STRING);
public static final String KEY_ID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_NAME = "name";
public static final String KEY_AGE = "age";
public static final String KEY_HEIGHT = "height";
}
package edu.hrbeu.ContentResolverDemo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class ContentResolverDemo extends Activity {
private EditText nameText;
private EditText ageText;
private EditText heightText;
private EditText idEntry;
private TextView labelView;
private TextView displayView;
private ContentResolver resolver;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
nameText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.name);
ageText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.age);
heightText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.height);
idEntry = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.id_entry);
labelView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.label);
displayView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.display);
Button addButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.add);
Button queryAllButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.query_all);
Button clearButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.clear);
Button deleteAllButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.delete_all);
Button queryButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.query);
Button deleteButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.delete);
Button updateButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.update);
addButton.setOnClickListener(addButtonListener);
queryAllButton.setOnClickListener(queryAllButtonListener);
clearButton.setOnClickListener(clearButtonListener);
deleteAllButton.setOnClickListener(deleteAllButtonListener);
queryButton.setOnClickListener(queryButtonListener);
deleteButton.setOnClickListener(deleteButtonListener);
updateButton.setOnClickListener(updateButtonListener);
resolver = this.getContentResolver();
}
OnClickListener addButtonListener = new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(People.KEY_NAME, nameText.getText().toString());
values.put(People.KEY_AGE, Integer.parseInt(ageText.getText().toString()));
values.put(People.KEY_HEIGHT, Float.parseFloat(heightText.getText().toString()));
Uri newUri = resolver.insert(People.CONTENT_URI, values);
labelView.setText("添加成功,URI:" + newUri);
}
};
OnClickListener queryAllButtonListener = new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Cursor cursor = resolver.query(People.CONTENT_URI,
new String[] { People.KEY_ID, People.KEY_NAME, People.KEY_AGE, People.KEY_HEIGHT},
null, null, null);
if (cursor == null){
labelView.setText("数据库中没有数据");
return;
}
labelView.setText("数据库:" + String.valueOf(cursor.getCount()) + "条记录");
String msg = "";
if (cursor.moveToFirst()){
do{
msg += "ID:" + cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(People.KEY_ID)) + ",";
msg += "姓名:" + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(People.KEY_NAME))+ ",";
msg += "年龄:" + cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(People.KEY_AGE)) + ", ";
msg += "身高:" + cursor.getFloat(cursor.getColumnIndex(People.KEY_HEIGHT)) + "\n";
}while(cursor.moveToNext());
}
displayView.setText(msg);
}
};
OnClickListener clearButtonListener = new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
displayView.setText("");
}
};
OnClickListener deleteAllButtonListener = new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
resolver.delete(People.CONTENT_URI, null, null);
String msg = "数据全部删除" ;
labelView.setText(msg);
}
};
OnClickListener queryButtonListener = new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(People.CONTENT_URI_STRING + "/" + idEntry.getText().toString());
Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri,
new String[] { People.KEY_ID, People.KEY_NAME, People.KEY_AGE, People.KEY_HEIGHT},
null, null, null);
if (cursor == null){
labelView.setText("数据库中没有数据");
return;
}
String msg = "";
if (cursor.moveToFirst()){
msg += "ID:" + cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(People.KEY_ID)) + ",";
msg += "姓名:" + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(People.KEY_NAME))+ ",";
msg += "年龄:" + cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(People.KEY_AGE)) + ", ";
msg += "身高:" + cursor.getFloat(cursor.getColumnIndex(People.KEY_HEIGHT)) + "\n";
}
labelView.setText("数据库:");
displayView.setText(msg);
}
};
OnClickListener deleteButtonListener = new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(People.CONTENT_URI_STRING + "/" + idEntry.getText().toString());
int result = resolver.delete(uri, null, null);
String msg = "删除ID为"+idEntry.getText().toString()+"的数据" + (result>0?"成功":"失败");
labelView.setText(msg);
}
};
OnClickListener updateButtonListener = new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(People.KEY_NAME, nameText.getText().toString());
values.put(People.KEY_AGE, Integer.parseInt(ageText.getText().toString()));
values.put(People.KEY_HEIGHT, Float.parseFloat(heightText.getText().toString()));
Uri uri = Uri.parse(People.CONTENT_URI_STRING + "/" + idEntry.getText().toString());
int result = resolver.update(uri, values, null, null);
String msg = "更新ID为"+idEntry.getText().toString()+"的数据" + (result>0?"成功":"失败");
labelView.setText(msg);
}
};
}