SpringBoot中注册Servlet、Filter和Listener(代码和注解两种方式)

由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用，没有web.xml文件。

故而采用其他方式来注册三大组件：代码注册和注解注册。

【1】ServletRegistrationBean注册Servlet

查看ServletRegistrationBean源码如下：

/**
 * A {@link ServletContextInitializer} to register {@link Servlet}s in a Servlet 3.0+
 * container. Similar to the {@link ServletContext#addServlet(String, Servlet)
 * registration} features provided by {@link ServletContext} but with a Spring Bean
 * friendly design.
 * <p>
 * The {@link #setServlet(Servlet) servlet} must be specified before calling
 * {@link #onStartup}. URL mapping can be configured used {@link #setUrlMappings} or
 * omitted when mapping to '/*' (unless
 * {@link #ServletRegistrationBean(Servlet, boolean, String...) alwaysMapUrl} is set to
 * {@code false}). The servlet name will be deduced if not specified.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @since 1.4.0
 * @see ServletContextInitializer
 * @see ServletContext#addServlet(String, Servlet)
 */
public class ServletRegistrationBean extends RegistrationBean {

	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ServletRegistrationBean.class);

	private static final String[] DEFAULT_MAPPINGS = { "/*" };

	private Servlet servlet;

	private Set<String> urlMappings = new LinkedHashSet<String>();

	private boolean alwaysMapUrl = true;

	private int loadOnStartup = -1;

	private MultipartConfigElement multipartConfig;
	//...
}

---

注册示例如下：

 @Bean
 public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
      ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
      registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
      return registrationBean;
  }

---

【2】FilterRegistrationBean注册Filter

查看FilterRegistrationBean源码如下：

/**
 * A {@link ServletContextInitializer} to register {@link Filter}s in a Servlet 3.0+
 * container. Similar to the {@link ServletContext#addFilter(String, Filter) registration}
 * features provided by {@link ServletContext} but with a Spring Bean friendly design.
 * <p>
 * The {@link #setFilter(Filter) Filter} must be specified before calling
 * {@link #onStartup(ServletContext)}. Registrations can be associated with
 * {@link #setUrlPatterns URL patterns} and/or servlets (either by {@link #setServletNames
 * name} or via a {@link #setServletRegistrationBeans ServletRegistrationBean}s. When no
 * URL pattern or servlets are specified the filter will be associated to '/*'. The filter
 * name will be deduced if not specified.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @since 1.4.0
 * @see ServletContextInitializer
 * @see ServletContext#addFilter(String, Filter)
 * @see DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean
 */
public class FilterRegistrationBean extends AbstractFilterRegistrationBean {

	/**
	 * Filters that wrap the servlet request should be ordered less than or equal to this.
	 */
	public static final int REQUEST_WRAPPER_FILTER_MAX_ORDER = AbstractFilterRegistrationBean.REQUEST_WRAPPER_FILTER_MAX_ORDER;

	private Filter filter;
	//...
}

---

注册示例如下：

@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
     FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
     registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
     registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
     return registrationBean;
 }

---

【3】ServletListenerRegistrationBean注册Listener

查看ServletListenerRegistrationBean源码如下：

/**
 * A {@link ServletContextInitializer} to register {@link EventListener}s in a Servlet
 * 3.0+ container. Similar to the {@link ServletContext#addListener(EventListener)
 * registration} features provided by {@link ServletContext} but with a Spring Bean
 * friendly design.
 *
 * This bean can be used to register the following types of listener:
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@link ServletContextAttributeListener}</li>
 * <li>{@link ServletRequestListener}</li>
 * <li>{@link ServletRequestAttributeListener}</li>
 * <li>{@link HttpSessionAttributeListener}</li>
 * <li>{@link HttpSessionListener}</li>
 * <li>{@link ServletContextListener}</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @param <T> the type of listener
 * @author Dave Syer
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @since 1.4.0
 */
public class ServletListenerRegistrationBean<T extends EventListener>
		extends RegistrationBean {

	private static final Log logger = LogFactory
			.getLog(ServletListenerRegistrationBean.class);

	private static final Set<Class<?>> SUPPORTED_TYPES;

	static {
		Set<Class<?>> types = new HashSet<Class<?>>();
		types.add(ServletContextAttributeListener.class);
		types.add(ServletRequestListener.class);
		types.add(ServletRequestAttributeListener.class);
		types.add(HttpSessionAttributeListener.class);
		types.add(HttpSessionListener.class);
		types.add(ServletContextListener.class);
		SUPPORTED_TYPES = Collections.unmodifiableSet(types);
	}

	private T listener;
	//...
}

---

注册Listener示例如下：

 @Bean
    public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
        ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
        return registrationBean;
    }

---

【4】SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet默认注册机制

SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候，自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器：DIspatcherServlet。

查看DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration源码如下：

/**
 * {@link EnableAutoConfiguration Auto-configuration} for the Spring
 * {@link DispatcherServlet}. Should work for a standalone application where an embedded
 * servlet container is already present and also for a deployable application using
 * {@link SpringBootServletInitializer}.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Dave Syer
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @author Brian Clozel
 */
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter(EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration.class)
public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration {

	/*
	 * The bean name for a DispatcherServlet that will be mapped to the root URL "/"
	 */
	public static final String DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME = "dispatcherServlet";

	/*
	 * The bean name for a ServletRegistrationBean for the DispatcherServlet "/"
	 */
	public static final String DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME = "dispatcherServletRegistration";

	@Configuration
	@Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class)
	@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
	@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
	protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {

		private final WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties;

		public DispatcherServletConfiguration(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
			this.webMvcProperties = webMvcProperties;
		}

		@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
		public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet() {
			DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
			dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(
					this.webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
			dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(
					this.webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
			dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(
					this.webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
			return dispatcherServlet;
		}

		@Bean
		@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class)
		@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)
		public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
			// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
			return resolver;
		}

	}

	@Configuration
	@Conditional(DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition.class)
	@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
	@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
	@Import(DispatcherServletConfiguration.class)
	protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration {

		private final ServerProperties serverProperties;

		private final WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties;

		private final MultipartConfigElement multipartConfig;

		public DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration(
				ServerProperties serverProperties, WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties,
				ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfigProvider) {
			this.serverProperties = serverProperties;
			this.webMvcProperties = webMvcProperties;
			this.multipartConfig = multipartConfigProvider.getIfAvailable();
		}
		// 这里注册DispatcherServlet
		@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
		@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
		public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
				DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
			ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
					dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
			registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
			registration.setLoadOnStartup(
					this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
			if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
				registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
			}
			return registration;
		}

	}

	@Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10)
	private static class DefaultDispatcherServletCondition extends SpringBootCondition {

		@Override
		public ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context,
				AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
			ConditionMessage.Builder message = ConditionMessage
					.forCondition("Default DispatcherServlet");
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
			List<String> dispatchServletBeans = Arrays.asList(beanFactory
					.getBeanNamesForType(DispatcherServlet.class, false, false));
			if (dispatchServletBeans.contains(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)) {
				return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(message.found("dispatcher servlet bean")
						.items(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME));
			}
			if (beanFactory.containsBean(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)) {
				return ConditionOutcome
						.noMatch(message.found("non dispatcher servlet bean")
								.items(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME));
			}
			if (dispatchServletBeans.isEmpty()) {
				return ConditionOutcome
						.match(message.didNotFind("dispatcher servlet beans").atAll());
			}
			return ConditionOutcome.match(message
					.found("dispatcher servlet bean", "dispatcher servlet beans")
					.items(Style.QUOTE, dispatchServletBeans)
					.append("and none is named " + DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME));
		}

	}

	@Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10)
	private static class DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition
			extends SpringBootCondition {

		@Override
		public ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context,
				AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
			ConditionOutcome outcome = checkDefaultDispatcherName(beanFactory);
			if (!outcome.isMatch()) {
				return outcome;
			}
			return checkServletRegistration(beanFactory);
		}

		private ConditionOutcome checkDefaultDispatcherName(
				ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
			List<String> servlets = Arrays.asList(beanFactory
					.getBeanNamesForType(DispatcherServlet.class, false, false));
			boolean containsDispatcherBean = beanFactory
					.containsBean(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
			if (containsDispatcherBean
					&& !servlets.contains(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)) {
				return ConditionOutcome
						.noMatch(startMessage().found("non dispatcher servlet")
								.items(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME));
			}
			return ConditionOutcome.match();
		}

		private ConditionOutcome checkServletRegistration(
				ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
			ConditionMessage.Builder message = startMessage();
			List<String> registrations = Arrays.asList(beanFactory
					.getBeanNamesForType(ServletRegistrationBean.class, false, false));
			boolean containsDispatcherRegistrationBean = beanFactory
					.containsBean(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME);
			if (registrations.isEmpty()) {
				if (containsDispatcherRegistrationBean) {
					return ConditionOutcome
							.noMatch(message.found("non servlet registration bean").items(
									DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME));
				}
				return ConditionOutcome
						.match(message.didNotFind("servlet registration bean").atAll());
			}
			if (registrations
					.contains(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)) {
				return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(message.found("servlet registration bean")
						.items(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME));
			}
			if (containsDispatcherRegistrationBean) {
				return ConditionOutcome
						.noMatch(message.found("non servlet registration bean").items(
								DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME));
			}
			return ConditionOutcome.match(message.found("servlet registration beans")
					.items(Style.QUOTE, registrations).append("and none is named "
							+ DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME));
		}

		private ConditionMessage.Builder startMessage() {
			return ConditionMessage.forCondition("DispatcherServlet Registration");
		}

	}

}

---

【5】Servlet3.0下注册三大组件的方式

在上面的源码注释中，频繁见到如下字样：

 A {@link ServletContextInitializer} to register {@link Filter}s in a Servlet 3.0+
 * container. Similar to the {@link ServletContext#addFilter(String, Filter) registration}
 * features provided by {@link ServletContext} but with a Spring Bean friendly design.

即，SpringBoot提供的三大组件添加方式只是一种更为友好的设计方式，和Servlet3.0中使用ServletContext#addFilter方式一样！

---

参考博客如下：

ServletContainerInitializer并注册三大组件：博客地址

Servlet、Filter和Listener(注解注册)：博客地址

---

【6】SpringBoot下使用注册注册三大组件

该种方式与【5】中Servlet、Filter和Listener(注解注册)是一致的，只是需要在主配置类上添加@ServletComponentScan注册。

示例如下：

@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan
public class SpringBootApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringBootApplication.class, args);
	}

	@Bean
	public ViewResolver myViewReolver(){
		return new MyViewResolver();
	}

	public static class MyViewResolver implements ViewResolver{

		@Override
		public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
			return null;
		}
	}
}

然后就可以在Servlet、Filter和Listener上使用注解进行注册！