超级无敌伪装技之User-Agent

python爬虫爬取网站内容时，如果什么也没带，即不带报头headers，往往会被网站管理维护人员认定为机器爬虫。因为，此时python默认的user-agent如Python-urllib/2.1一样。因此，网站管理人员会根据请求的user-agent判定你是不是机器爬虫。所以，此时往往就需要伪装user-agent，模拟成真实的浏览器去取出内容。下面是一些比较常用的浏览器的user-agent：

 

Chrome

 

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",

Firefox

 

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Mac OS X Mach-O; en-US; rv:2.0a) Gecko/20040614 Firefox/3.0.0 ",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X 10.5; en-US; rv:1.9.0.3) Gecko/2008092414 Firefox/3.0.3",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.5; en-US; rv:1.9.1) Gecko/20090624 Firefox/3.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; en-US; rv:1.9.2.14) Gecko/20110218 AlexaToolbar/alxf-2.0 Firefox/3.6.14",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X 10.5; en-US; rv:1.9.2.15) Gecko/20110303 Firefox/3.6.15",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1"

Opera

 

"Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",

"Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera mobi/adr-1107051709; U; zh-cn) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10",

Safari

 

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/531.21.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.4 Safari/531.21.10",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; en-US) AppleWebKit/533.17.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.1 Safari/533.17.8",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/533.19.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Safari/533.18.5",

IE

 

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)"

一般主要应用Chrome或者Firefox，爬虫应用的时候，可以把他们都放到列表里面。然后import random，使用random.choice（list）随机获取一个user-agent。

******************************************************************************************************************

不过呢，现在我要介绍一个python里面更为牛逼的方法（嘘，一般人我不告诉他）——fake-useragent

安装

pip3 install fake_useragent

各浏览器User-Agent的值

from fake_useragent import UserAgent
ua = UserAgent()
# ie浏览器的user agent
print(ua.ie)

Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)

#opera浏览器
print(ua.opera)

Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; ru) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11

#chrome浏览器
print(ua.chrome)

Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1216.0 Safari/537.2
#firefox浏览器

#firefox浏览器
print(ua.firefox)

Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; rv:16.0.1) Gecko/20121011 Firefox/16.0.1

#safri浏览器
print(ua.safari)

Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 6_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0 Mobile/10A5355d Safari/8536.2

 

这是python里面的一个useragent池，非常好用！

使用方法

 

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

 

ua = UserAgent()

headers = {'User-Agent':ua.random}