基于python的八大排序算法实现:冒泡排序、选择排序、插入排序、希尔排序、归并排序、快速排序、堆排序和计数排序

八大排序算法:冒泡排序、选择排序、插入排序、希尔排序、归并排序、快速排序、堆排序和计数排序

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1. 冒泡排序：

def bubble_sort(arr):
    n = len(arr)
    for i in range(n-1):
        for j in range(n-i-1):
            if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:
                arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]
    return arr

2. 选择排序：

def selection_sort(arr):
    n = len(arr)
    for i in range(n-1):
        min_idx = i
        for j in range(i+1, n):
            if arr[j] < arr[min_idx]:
                min_idx = j
        arr[i], arr[min_idx] = arr[min_idx], arr[i]
    return arr

3. 插入排序：

def insertion_sort(arr):
    n = len(arr)
    for i in range(1, n):
        key = arr[i]
        j = i - 1
        while j >= 0 and arr[j] > key:
            arr[j+1] = arr[j]
            j -= 1
        arr[j+1] = key
    return arr

4. 希尔排序：

def shell_sort(arr):
    n = len(arr)
    gap = n // 2
    while gap > 0:
        for i in range(gap, n):
            temp = arr[i]
            j = i
            while j >= gap and arr[j-gap] > temp:
                arr[j] = arr[j-gap]
                j -= gap
            arr[j] = temp
        gap //= 2
    return arr

5. 归并排序：

def merge_sort(arr):
    if len(arr) <= 1:
        return arr
    mid = len(arr) // 2
    left_arr = merge_sort(arr[:mid])
    right_arr = merge_sort(arr[mid:])
    return merge(left_arr, right_arr)

def merge(left_arr, right_arr):
    result = []
    i = j = 0
    while i < len(left_arr) and j < len(right_arr):
        if left_arr[i] <= right_arr[j]:
            result.append(left_arr[i])
            i += 1
        else:
            result.append(right_arr[j])
            j += 1
    result.extend(left_arr[i:])
    result.extend(right_arr[j:])
    return result

6. 快速排序：

def quick_sort(arr):
    if len(arr) <= 1:
        return arr
    pivot = arr[len(arr)//2]
    less, equal, greater = [], [], []
    for num in arr:
        if num < pivot:
            less.append(num)
        elif num == pivot:
            equal.append(num)
        else:
            greater.append(num)
    return quick_sort(less) + equal + quick_sort(greater)

7. 堆排序：

def heapify(arr, n, i):
    largest = i
    l = 2 * i + 1
    r = 2 * i + 2
    if l < n and arr[i] < arr[l]:
        largest = l
    if r < n and arr[largest] < arr[r]:
        largest = r
    if largest != i:
        arr[i], arr[largest] = arr[largest], arr[i]
        heapify(arr, n, largest)

def heap_sort(arr):
    n = len(arr)
    for i in range(n // 2 - 1, -1, -1):
        heapify(arr, n, i)
    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):
        arr[i], arr[0] = arr[0], arr[i]
        heapify(arr, i, 0)
    return arr

8. 计数排序：

def counting_sort(arr):
    max_val = max(arr)
    count = [0] * (max_val + 1)
    for num in arr:
        count[num] += 1
    sorted_arr = []
    for i in range(len(count)):
        sorted_arr.extend([i] * count[i])
    return sorted_arr