Linx--MySQL--安装笔记详细步骤！

MySQL 安装

1.创建操作系统用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

2.解压二进制包，建立软链接
cd /usr/local
将mysql-8.0.42-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz文件传输到/usr/local/目录下，解压：
tar xvf mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.xz
ln -s  mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

3.编辑配置文件

第一种方式：
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf_bak
将my.cnf文件，传输到/etc/的目录下！

第二种方式：

vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
scoket = /data/mysql/3306/data/mysql.sock
user = root
password = mysql

[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/3306/data
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/3306/data/mysql.sock
log_error = /data/mysql/3306/data/mysqld.err
log_timestamps = system

4.创建数据目录，并修改其属主、属组
mkdir -p /data/mysql/3306/data
mkdir -p /data/mysql/3306/binlog
mkdir -p /data/mysql/3306/log
chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/3306/data/
chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/3306/binlog/
chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/3306/log/

5.初始化实例

配置yum源：

yum install -y libaio
yum install ncurses-libs

初始化数据库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize

6.启动实例
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

可选：
cd /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

7.修改环境变量
cd /root
vi .bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
source .bash_profile

显示默认密码：
grep password /data/mysql/3306/data/mysqld.err
将上个指令显示的密码填入这个命令的对话框中：
mysql -uroot -p
alter user user() identified by 'mysql_';
create user 'root'@'%' identified by 'mysql_';
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'mysql';
grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%';

附：参看参数文件位置
select * from performance_schema.variables_info where variable_name='max_connections'\G

--

主从数据库：

1.编辑配置文件

主
#GTID:   
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id = 1         
gtid_mode =on                 
enforce_gtid_consistency = on  
log-slave-updates = 1
binlog_format = row            
skip_slave_start = 1

从
#GTID:
server-id = 2
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = on
log-slave-updates = 1
binlog_format = row      
skip_slave_start = 1

2.（主）在主库上创建复制用户
CREATE USER 'repl'@'192.168.10.155' IDENTIFIED by 'repl4321';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.10.155';
ALTER USER 'repl'@'192.168.10.155' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' BY 'repl4321';

3.（从）创建/backup目录
mkdir /backup

4（主）获取主库的备份
mysqldump  -uroot -p --single-transaction  --source-data=2 -E -R --triggers  -A > full_backup.sql
scp full_backup.sql 192.168.10.155:/backup

5（从）基于主库的备份恢复从库
mysql -uroot -p < /backup/full_backup.sql

6.（从）从库上建立主从复制
CHANGE MASTER TO master_host='192.168.10.170',master_port=3306,master_user='repl',master_password='repl4321',MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;

7.（从）开启主从复制
start slave;

主：192.168.10.170
从：192.168.10.155

注意：
--查看状态
show slave status \G
--启动服务
/etc/init.d/mysql.server start
--关闭防火墙或打开端口号
systemctl status firewalld

开启服务：
cp /etc/init.d/mysql.server /lib/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl status mysql