ubuntu server 9.04下编译安装nginx

 

首先致谢：本文大量参考了金山逍遥网系统架构师-张宴的Nginx 0.7.x + PHP 5.2.10（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第5版）[原创] 一文，谢谢张宴为nginx推广普及所作的贡献。

之所以要在ubuntu server 9.04(以下简称us904)下编译安装nginx，是因为us904官方源中提供的版本有些旧，为nginx0.6.35,而当前nginx官方最新稳定版为0.7.61,最新开发版本为0.8.9（详见：http://www.nginx.org/），下面以0.8.9版为例进行nginx下的编译安装：

首先安装编译nginx所需的软件包：

1.Perl 5 Compatible Regular Expression Library - development files

sudo apt-get install libpcre3-dev      

2.SSL development libraries, header files and documentation

sudo apt-get install libssl-dev   

3.make 工具

sudo apt-get install make

创建启用nginx所使用的用户组和用户

sudo groupadd www

sudo useradd -g www www

sudo mkdir -v -p /www/htdocs/site1

sudo chown -R www:www /www/htdocs/site1

然后下载nginx源码包

wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.9.tar.gz

开始编译安装nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.8.9.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.8.9

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

sudo make

sudo make install

然后建立nginx服务控制脚本程序

sudo nano /etc/init.d/nginx

输入以下内容：

#! /bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO

# Provides:          nginx

# Required-Start:    $all

# Required-Stop:     $all

# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5

# Default-Stop:      0 1 6

# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server

# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon

### END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

DAEMON=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

NAME=nginx

DESC=nginx

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

# Include nginx defaults if available

if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ] ; then

. /etc/default/nginx

fi

set -e

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

case "$1" in

start)

echo -n "Starting $DESC: "

start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /var/run/$NAME.pid /

--exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS || true

echo "$NAME."

;;

stop)

echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "

start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile /var/run/$NAME.pid /

--exec $DAEMON || true

echo "$NAME."

;;

restart|force-reload)

echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "

start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile /

/var/run/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON || true

sleep 1

start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /

/var/run/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS || true

echo "$NAME."

;;

reload)

echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "

start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile /var/run/$NAME.pid /

--exec $DAEMON || true

echo "$NAME."

;;

status)

status_of_proc -p /var/run/$NAME.pid "$DAEMON" nginx && exit 0 || exit $?

;;

*)

N=/etc/init.d/$NAME

echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}" >&2

exit 1

;;

esac

exit 0

#! /bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO

# Provides:          nginx

# Required-Start:    $all

# Required-Stop:     $all

# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5

# Default-Stop:      0 1 6

# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server

# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon

### END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

DAEMON=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

NAME=nginx

DESC=nginx

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

# Include nginx defaults if available

if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ] ; then

. /etc/default/nginx

fi

set -e

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

case "$1" in

  start)

echo -n "Starting $DESC: "

start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /var/run/$NAME.pid /

--exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS || true

echo "$NAME."

;;

  stop)

echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "

start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile /var/run/$NAME.pid /

--exec $DAEMON || true

echo "$NAME."

;;

  restart|force-reload)

echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "

start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile /

/var/run/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON || true

sleep 1

start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /

/var/run/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS || true

echo "$NAME."

;;

  reload)

      echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "

      start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile /var/run/$NAME.pid /

          --exec $DAEMON || true

      echo "$NAME."

      ;;

  status)

      status_of_proc -p /var/run/$NAME.pid "$DAEMON" nginx && exit 0 || exit $?

      ;;

  *)

N=/etc/init.d/$NAME

echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}" >&2

exit 1

;;

esac

exit 0

然后就可以通过

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start(stop|restart|status)等命令及参数来控制nginx和查看状态信息了

至于nginx的具体配置，留待下一次继续讨论学习。

在测试本次编译安装的同时，我在另一台虚拟机us904上通过sudo apt-get install nginx安装nginx来查看两种方式的不同，

发现nginx_0.6.35-0ubuntu1_i386.deb文件主要有以下文件拷贝过程

sudo dpkg -L nginx

/.

/usr

/usr/sbin

/usr/sbin/nginx

/usr/share

/usr/share/doc

/usr/share/doc/nginx

/usr/share/doc/nginx/changelog.gz

/usr/share/doc/nginx/README

/usr/share/doc/nginx/copyright

/usr/share/doc/nginx/NEWS.Debian.gz

/usr/share/doc/nginx/changelog.Debian.gz

/usr/share/man

/usr/share/man/man1

/usr/share/man/man1/nginx.1.gz

/etc

/etc/nginx

/etc/nginx/sites-available

/etc/nginx/sites-available/default

/etc/nginx/sites-enabled

/etc/nginx/conf.d

/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params

/etc/nginx/koi-utf

/etc/nginx/koi-win

/etc/nginx/mime.types

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

/etc/nginx/win-utf

/etc/init.d

/etc/init.d/nginx

/etc/logrotate.d

/etc/logrotate.d/nginx

/var

/var/log

/var/log/nginx

/var/lib

/var/lib/nginx

/var/www

/var/www/nginx-default

/var/www/nginx-default/50x.html

/var/www/nginx-default/index.html

由此猜想在生产环境中是否可以避免安装过多软件包，而直接替换/usr/sbin/nginx文件来实现，具体运行稳定性有待验证。

ps:

1.如果不想输入命令时带有sudo，可以通过下面方式切换至root

A.sudo -s -H 输入当前用户密码

B.sudo passwd root 设置root密码

    su root 输入root密码

2.查看某个包具体所在的包名，可以通过sudo apt-cache search *** 来查找