struts2几种result type探究

可以在struts2-core-{version}.jar中找到struts-default.xml，里面列举了当前可以使用的所有result-type以及对应的class

此处是struts2.2.3的

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<result-types> 
    <result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/> 
    <result-type name="dispatcher" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult" default="true"/> 
    <result-type name="freemarker" class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"/> 
    <result-type name="httpheader" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.HttpHeaderResult"/> 
    <result-type name="redirect" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletRedirectResult"/> 
    <result-type name="redirectAction" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletActionRedirectResult"/> 
    <result-type name="stream" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StreamResult"/> 
    <result-type name="velocity" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.VelocityResult"/> 
    <result-type name="xslt" class="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/> 
    <result-type name="plainText" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PlainTextResult" /> 
</result-types> 
        <result-types>
            <result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/>
            <result-type name="dispatcher" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult" default="true"/>
            <result-type name="freemarker" class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"/>
            <result-type name="httpheader" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.HttpHeaderResult"/>
            <result-type name="redirect" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletRedirectResult"/>
            <result-type name="redirectAction" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletActionRedirectResult"/>
            <result-type name="stream" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StreamResult"/>
            <result-type name="velocity" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.VelocityResult"/>
            <result-type name="xslt" class="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/>
            <result-type name="plainText" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PlainTextResult" />
        </result-types>
1.chain

该类型是请求转发给其他的action，如果为jsp则会报错

需要注意的就是与redirect的区别，请求转发是还在当前请求，

而redirect会响应一次浏览器然后浏览器再根据响应请求重定向的资源，注意看url的变化就明白了！

下面是apache给的示例，这个比较简单，没什么说的，

 

<package name="public" extends="struts-default">    

 <!-- Chain creatAccount to login, using the default parameter -->     

<action name="createAccount" class="...">         

      <result type="chain">login</result>    

 </action>       

<action name="login" class="...">        

 <!-- Chain to another namespace -->         

       <result type="chain">             

      <param name="actionName">dashboard</param>             

      <param name="namespace">/secure</param>         

</result>     

</action> 

</package>   

<package name="secure" extends="struts-default" namespace="/secure">    

 <action name="dashboard" class="...">       

  <result>dashboard.jsp</result>     

</action> 

</package> 

<package name="public" extends="struts-default">
    <!-- Chain creatAccount to login, using the default parameter -->
    <action name="createAccount" class="...">
        <result type="chain">login</result>
    </action>

    <action name="login" class="...">
        <!-- Chain to another namespace -->
        <result type="chain">
            <param name="actionName">dashboard</param>
            <param name="namespace">/secure</param>
        </result>
    </action>
</package>

<package name="secure" extends="struts-default" namespace="/secure">
    <action name="dashboard" class="...">
        <result>dashboard.jsp</result>
    </action>
</package>

2.dispatcher请求转发视图资源，比如jsp,html，如果请求action会找不到资源，请求转发的问题看1中的说明apache给的示例。。也没啥说的

<result name="success" type="dispatcher">   

<param name="location">foo.jsp</param>

 </result> 

<result name="success" type="dispatcher">
  <param name="location">foo.jsp</param>
</result>

3.httpheader这个挺有意思的，可以随便更改响应状态比如下面的这个示例

<action name="test" class="com.iss.action.TestAction">         

<result name="success" type="httpheader">         

<param name="status">400</param>    

 </result>     

</action>   

<action name="test" class="com.iss.action.TestAction">
    <result name="success" type="httpheader">
    <param name="status">400</param>
   </result>
   </action>

当action返回SUCCESS的时候，会将响应状态修改为400，客户端错误的请求，还有其他的状态可以自行尝试，比如为100时，浏览器会在请求一段时间之后继续当前页面，500则为服务器内部错误等等具体为什么会产生这样的结果，当然得把源码翻出来了下面是HttpHeaderResult的一些成员变量，private的可以作为param的name属性

private static final long serialVersionUID = 195648957144219214L;    /** The default parameter */  public static final String DEFAULT_PARAM = "status";      private boolean parse = true;  private Map<String,String> headers;  private int status = -1;  private int error = -1;  private String errorMessage;      private static final long serialVersionUID = 195648957144219214L;

    /** The default parameter */
    public static final String DEFAULT_PARAM = "status"
    private boolean parse = true;
    private Map<String,String> headers;
    private int status = -1;
    private int error = -1;
    private String errorMessage;下面是具体执行操作过程，可以看到response.setStatus等操作view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public void execute(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {          HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();          ValueStack stack = ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack();                    if (status != -1) {              response.setStatus(status);          } else if (error != -1) {              if (errorMessage != null) {                  String finalMessage = parse ? TextParseUtil.translateVariables(                      errorMessage, stack) : errorMessage;                  response.sendError(error, finalMessage);              } else                  response.sendError(error);          }            if (headers != null) {              for (Iterator iterator = headers.entrySet().iterator();                   iterator.hasNext();) {                  Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iterator.next();                  String value = (String) entry.getValue();                  String finalValue = parse ? TextParseUtil.translateVariables(value, stack) : value;                  response.addHeader((String) entry.getKey(), finalValue);              }          }      }  public void execute(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
        HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
        ValueStack stack = ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack();
       
        if (status != -1) {
            response.setStatus(status);
        } else if (error != -1) {
            if (errorMessage != null) {
                String finalMessage = parse ? TextParseUtil.translateVariables(
                    errorMessage, stack) : errorMessage;
                response.sendError(error, finalMessage);
            } else
                response.sendError(error);
        }

        if (headers != null) {
            for (Iterator iterator = headers.entrySet().iterator();
                 iterator.hasNext();) {
                Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iterator.next();
                String value = (String) entry.getValue();
                String finalValue = parse ? TextParseUtil.translateVariables(value, stack) : value;
                response.addHeader((String) entry.getKey(), finalValue);
            }
        }
    }

4.redirect

重定向操作，与请求转发的区别看1的介绍

让客户端请求另外的网络资源，可以为action，也可以为视图资源

下面是apache的示例

 

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<result name="success" type="redirect"> 
  <param name="location">foo.jsp</param> 
  <param name="parse">false</param> 
</result> 
<result name="success" type="redirect">
  <param name="location">foo.jsp</param>
  <param name="parse">false</param>
</result>

5.redirectAction

重定向至Action，与redirect的区别找了好久，但是也没发现比较权威的说明

最明显的区别当然是redirectAction只能请求action,如果请求视图资源会报错

然后还有个小区别就是redirectAction会为url添加.action后缀而redirect不会

有说redirectAction无法通过url传参，但是我测试时完全可以通过request获取到，

此处区别如果有哪位知道的麻烦告知，Thank you!

下面是apache的传参的示例

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<package name="passingRequestParameters" extends="struts-default" namespace="/passingRequestParameters"> 
   <-- Pass parameters (reportType, width and height) --> 
   <!-- 
   The redirect-action url generated will be : 
   /genReport/generateReport.action?reportType=pie&width=100&height=100 
   --> 
   <action name="gatherReportInfo" class="..."> 
      <result name="showReportResult" type="redirect-action"> 
         <param name="actionName">generateReport</param> 
         <param name="namespace">/genReport</param> 
         <param name="reportType">pie</param> 
         <param name="width">100</param> 
         <param name="height">100</param> 
      </result> 
   </action> 
</package> 
<package name="passingRequestParameters" extends="struts-default" namespace="/passingRequestParameters">
   <-- Pass parameters (reportType, width and height) -->
   <!--
   The redirect-action url generated will be :
   /genReport/generateReport.action?reportType=pie&width=100&height=100
   -->
   <action name="gatherReportInfo" class="...">
      <result name="showReportResult" type="redirect-action">
         <param name="actionName">generateReport</param>
         <param name="namespace">/genReport</param>
         <param name="reportType">pie</param>
         <param name="width">100</param>
         <param name="height">100</param>
      </result>
   </action>
</package>
6.stream

这个返回类型主要用作下载文件或者在浏览器上显示PDF等文档

此处给一个显示PDF文档示例

项目web.xml中

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<mime-mapping>   
      <extension>pdf</extension>   
      <mime-type>application/pdf</mime-type>   
  </mime-mapping>   
      <mime-mapping> 
            <extension>pdf</extension> 
            <mime-type>application/pdf</mime-type> 
        </mime-mapping> 
struts.xml中

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<action name="test" class="com.iss.action.TestAction"> 
            <result name="success" type="stream"> 
                <param name="contentType">application/pdf</param> 
                <param name="inputName">inputStream</param> 
                <param name="contentDisposition">filename="a.pdf"</param> 
            </result> 
        </action> 
<action name="test" class="com.iss.action.TestAction">
   <result name="success" type="stream">
    <param name="contentType">application/pdf</param>
    <param name="inputName">inputStream</param>
    <param name="contentDisposition">filename="a.pdf"</param>
   </result>
  </action>
TestAction.java中

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public class TestAction extends ActionSupport 
{ 
     
    private InputStream inputStream; 
 
 
    public InputStream getInputStream() 
    { 
        return inputStream; 
    } 
 
    @Override 
    public String execute() throws Exception 
    { 
        inputStream = new FileInputStream("xxxxx/a.pdf");//要下载或显示的文件路径  
        return SUCCESS; 
    } 
} 
public class TestAction extends ActionSupport
{
 
 private InputStream inputStream;

 public InputStream getInputStream()
 {
  return inputStream;
 }

 @Override
 public String execute() throws Exception
 {
  inputStream = new FileInputStream("xxxxx/a.pdf");//要下载或显示的文件路径
  return SUCCESS;
 }
}需要注意的地方是struts.xml中inputName的值要与TestAction中的属性名相同，在此处就是inputStream

 

 

7.plainText

响应以plain形式返回给客户端

截取源码的最重要的一部分

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if (charset != null) { 
           response.setContentType("text/plain; charset="+charSet); 
       } 
       else { 
           response.setContentType("text/plain"); 
       } 
 if (charset != null) {
            response.setContentType("text/plain; charset="+charSet);
        }
        else {
            response.setContentType("text/plain");
        }
8.freemarker,velocity,xslt