webservice入门篇
一、实验环境
win2k + jdk1.6 + javee5.0 + Myeclipse5.1
jdk和javee5.0均可从http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp下载,安装文件名为jdk-6-windows-i586.exe,java_ee_sdk-5_02-windows.exe;没有myeclipse的也可以用eclipse代替,只要ide能执行ant脚本就可以.
二、第一个最简单的例子
jsee5安装以后会在系统中建立一个Application Serverpe9,这是sun自带的网络服务器,和tomcat、weblogic的性质类似。
在D:\Sun\SDK\samples\javaee5\webservices\hello-jaxws下有一个自带的web service入门例子,(D:\Sun\SDK\为我机器上javaee5的安装路径)
我们就先实验它,来理解webservice的本质
1、把jdk的安装路径如D:\Java\jdk1.6.0\bin 加到系统的path环境变量中
2、运行sun自带的网络服务器,具体方法为
开始->程序->Sun Microsystems->Application Server PE 9->Start Default Server
然后当弹出的cmd窗口中出现提示“按任意键继续时”输入回车,窗口会关闭,此时在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080,应该出现如下内容:
Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 9.0
Your server is up and running!
说明服务器已经启动了
3、在Myeclipse打开刚才的例子目录D:\Sun\SDK\samples\javaee\webservices\hello-jaxws下的build.xml文件,这个一个ant脚本,具体含义我们以后再讲,现在先执行它
4、在build.xml文件中单击右键,在弹出菜单中选择"run as"->"1 antbuild",此时build.xml里的内容会被执行,在Myeclipse的console中会输出:
buildfile: D:\Sun\SDK\samples\javaee5 \webservices\hellojaxws\build.xml
init:compile-deploy-service:
[echo] d:/Sun/SDK
get-artifacts-windows:
get-artifacts-unix:
get-artifacts:
compile-client:
[javac] Compiling 1 source file to D:\Sun\SDK\samples\javaee5\webservices\hello-jaxws\build
run-client-windows:
[exec] Hello result = Hello Administrator!
run-client-unix:
run-client:
all:
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 43 seconds
其中
[exec] Hello result = Hello Administrator!
的输出结果说明客户端调用服务器的webservice已经成功。
第一个例子就完成了。我们下面会对这个例子进行详细讲解.
三、例子源代码剖析
D:\Sun\SDK\samples\javaee5\webservices\hello-jaxws(以后简称为hello-jaxws)
项目里的源文件只有三个:(1) hello-jaxws\src\endpoint\Hello.java 提供webservice的服务器端实现类(2)hello-jaxws\src\client\Client.java 调用webservice的客户端测试类(3)hello-jaxws\build.xml 自动编译的ant脚本
下面我们把这三个文件的内容看一下
1、服务器端的service实现类文件Hello.java,
package endpoint;
import javax.jws.WebService;
@WebService
public class Hello
{
public String getHello(String name)
{
return "Hello " + name + "!";
}
}
①要在该类前一个@WebService说明,
②引入javax.jws.WebService;
③在公开的方法前加@WebMethod说明,如果不加的话,所有的public方法都会自动变成service的对外接口.
package client;
import javax.xml.ws.WebServiceRef;
import endpoint.HelloService;
import endpoint.Hello;
public class Client
{
@WebServiceRef(wsdlLocation="http://localhost:8080/Hello/HelloService?WSDL")
static HelloService service;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Client client = new Client();
client.doHello();
}
public void doHello()
{
try
{
Hello port = service.getHelloPort();
String ret = port.getHello(System.getProperty("user.name"));
System.out.println("Hello result = " + ret);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
①导入WebServiceRef包
import javax.xml.ws.WebServiceRef;
②导入本地生成的stub类,另外编译时也要指明stub类的路径
import endpoint.HelloService;
import endpoint.Hello;
③指明服务器的wsdl路径
@WebServiceRef(wsdlLocation="http://localhost:8080/myhello/HelloService?WSDL")
④声明一个静态的service对象
static HelloService service;
⑤对要调用的远程方法声明一个代理对象,通过代理来调用真正的远程方法
Hello port = service.getHelloPort();
String ret = port.getHello(System.getProperty("user.name"));
3、ant 脚本build.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="hello-jaxws" default="all" basedir=".">
<!-- include user specific build properties -->
<!-- 导入预先 j2ee 预先写好的 设置 文件--> <property file="../../../bp-project/build.properties"/>
<target name="init">
<condition property="windows">
<os family="windows" />
</condition>
<condition property="unix">
<os family="unix" />
</condition>
</target>
<!-- 编译服务器端并把它自动发布到sun的服务器上 -->
<target name="compile-deploy-service" depends="init">
<mkdir dir="${classesdir}"/>
<echo message="${javaee.home}"/>
<javac srcdir="./src" includes="endpoint/**" destdir="${autodeploydir}" classpath="${javaee.home}/lib/j2ee.jar"/>
<waitfor maxwait="100" maxwaitunit="second">
<or>
<available file="${autodeploydir}/endpoint/Hello.class_deployed"/>
<available file="${autodeploydir}/endpoint/Hello.class_deployFailed"/>
</or>
</waitfor>
<condition property="deploy_succeeded">
<available file="${autodeploydir}/endpoint/Hello.class_deployed"/>
</condition>
<condition property="deploy_failed">
<available file="${autodeploydir}/endpoint/Hello.class_deployFailed"/>
</condition>
</target>
<target name="get-artifacts" depends="compile-deploy-service,get-artifacts-windows,get-artifacts-unix"/>
<!-- 生成客户端所需的stub -->
<target name="get-artifacts-windows" if="windows">
<exec executable="${javaee.home}/bin/wsimport.bat">
<arg line="-keep -d ${classesdir} http://${javaee.server.name}:${javaee.server.port}/Hello/HelloService?WSDL"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="get-artifacts-unix" if="unix">
<exec executable="${javaee.home}/bin/wsimport">
<arg line="-keep -d ${classesdir} http://${javaee.server.name}:${javaee.server.port}/Hello/HelloService?WSDL"/>
</exec>
</target>
<!-- 编译客户端 -->
<target name="compile-client" depends="get-artifacts">
<javac srcdir="./src/client" destdir="${classesdir}">
<classpath refid="classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="run-client" depends="compile-client,run-client-windows,run-client-unix"/>
<!-- 执行客户端 -->
<target name="run-client-windows" if="windows">
<exec executable="${javaee.home}/bin/appclient.bat" dir="${classesdir}">
<arg value="client.Client"/>
</exec>
</target>
<target name="run-client-unix" if="unix">
<exec executable="${javaee.home}/bin/appclient" dir="${classesdir}" failifexecutionfails="false">
<arg value="client.Client"/>
</exec>
</target>
<!-- 以下几个任务用与清理和卸载-->
<!-- 删除生成的类文件-->
<target name="clean">
<delete dir="${classesdir}"/>
</target>
<!-- 删除和卸载服务器的webservice-->
<target name="restore">
<delete>
<fileset dir="${autodeploydir}/endpoint" includes="Hello*.*"/>
</delete>
</target>
<target name="undeploy">
<antcall target="restore"/>
</target>
</project>