1、使用tar解压缩
-c :建立一个压缩文件的参数指令(create 的意思);
-x :解开一个压缩文件的参数指令!
-t :查看 tarfile 里面的文件!
特别注意,在参数的下达中, c/x/t 仅能存在一个!不可同时存在!因为不可能同时压缩与解压缩。
-z :是否同时具有 gzip 的属性?亦即是否需要用 gzip 压缩?
-j :是否同时具有 bzip2 的属性?亦即是否需要用 bzip2 压缩?
-v :压缩的过程中显示文件!这个常用,但不建议用在背景执行过程!
-f :使用档名,请留意,在 f 之后要立即接档名喔!不要再加参数!
例如使用『 tar -zcvfP tfile sfile』就是错误的写法,要写成
『 tar -zcvPf tfile sfile』才对喔!
-p :使用原文件的原来属性(属性不会依据使用者而变)
-P :可以使用绝对路径来压缩!
-N :比后面接的日期(yyyy/mm/dd)还要新的才会被打包进新建的文件中!
--exclude FILE:在压缩的过程中,不要将 FILE 打包!
解压:tar -zxvf xxx.tar.gz /usr/local 如果不指定解压目则加压至当前目录
压缩:tar -zcvf /tmp/xxx.tar.gz /tem/xxx 前面是文件名 后面是要压缩的文件或路径
查看:tar -ztvf /tmp/xxx.tar.gz
2、使用zip和unzip解压缩
在做网站迁移的时候,由于网站目录内的文件太多会导致耗费许多时间,所以需要用压缩和解压的命令,列如,我需要备份/home/wwwroot文件夹,但是由于wwwroot里面文件数目有几万个甚至更多,这个时候就需要用zip命令,先把wwwroot文件压缩后在传输:
cd /wwwroot
zip -r wwwroot.zip wwwroot
OK,将wwwroot文件压缩成了wwwroot.zip格式了,这是上传下载就很快了。同样的道理,将压缩文件传到centos里面时,可以用unzip解压文件;列如,将/home/wwwroot.zip解压,就可以用如下命令:
cd /home
unzip wwwroot.zip
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还有更多相关的命令如下:
1. 我想把一个文件abc.txt和一个目录dir1压缩成为yasuo.zip:
# zip -r yasuo.zip abc.txt dir1
2.我下载了一个yasuo.zip文件,想解压缩:
# unzip yasuo.zip
3.我当前目录下有abc1.zip,abc2.zip和abc3.zip,我想一起解压缩它们:
# unzip abc\?.zip
注释:?表示一个字符,如果用*表示任意多个字符。
4.我有一个很大的压缩文件large.zip,我不想解压缩,只想看看它里面有什么:
# unzip -v large.zip
5.我下载了一个压缩文件large.zip,想验证一下这个压缩文件是否下载完全了
# unzip -t large.zip
6.我用-v选项发现music.zip压缩文件里面有很多目录和子目录,并且子目录中其实都是歌曲mp3文件,我想把这些文件都下载到第一级目录,而不是一层一层建目录:
# unzip -j music.zip
3、使用rar和unrar解压缩
一、下载并安装rar软件
2.1 下载
mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools
cd /home/oldboy/tools
wget http://www.rarlab.com/rar/rarlinux-3.8.0.tar.gz
2.2 安装
tar zxvf rarlinux-3.8.0.tar.gz
cd rar
make
make install
二、rar命令语法
将/etc 目录压缩为etc.rar 命令为:
rar a etc.rar /etc
将etc.rar 解压 命令为:
rar x etc.rar
unrar -e etc.tar
三、语法详情
RAR 5.11 Copyright (c) 1993-2014 Alexander Roshal 27 Aug 2014
Trial version Type RAR -? for help
Usage: rar <command> -<switch 1> -<switch N> <archive> <files...>
<@listfiles...> <path_to_extract\>
<Commands>
a Add files to archive
c Add archive comment
ch Change archive parameters
cw Write archive comment to file
d Delete files from archive
e Extract files without archived paths
f Freshen files in archive
i[par]=<str> Find string in archives
k Lock archive
l[t[a],b] List archive contents [technical[all], bare]
m[f] Move to archive [files only]
p Print file to stdout
r Repair archive
rc Reconstruct missing volumes
rn Rename archived files
rr[N] Add data recovery record
rv[N] Create recovery volumes
s[name|-] Convert archive to or from SFX
t Test archive files
u Update files in archive
v[t[a],b] Verbosely list archive contents [technical[all],bare]
x Extract files with full path
<Switches>
- Stop switches scanning
@[+] Disable [enable] file lists
ad Append archive name to destination path
ag[format] Generate archive name using the current date
ai Ignore file attributes
ap<path> Set path inside archive
as Synchronize archive contents
c- Disable comments show
cfg- Disable read configuration
cl Convert names to lower case
cu Convert names to upper case
df Delete files after archiving
dh Open shared files
ds Disable name sort for solid archive
dw Wipe files after archiving
e[+]<attr> Set file exclude and include attributes
ed Do not add empty directories
en Do not put 'end of archive' block
ep Exclude paths from names
ep1 Exclude base directory from names
ep3 Expand paths to full including the drive letter
f Freshen files
hp[password] Encrypt both file data and headers
ht[b|c] Select hash type [BLAKE2,CRC32] for file checksum
id[c,d,p,q] Disable messages
ierr Send all messages to stderr
ilog[name] Log errors to file (registered versions only)
inul Disable all messages
isnd Enable sound
k Lock archive
kb Keep broken extracted files
log[f][=name] Write names to log file
m<0..5> Set compression level (0-store...3-default...5-maximal)
ma[4|5] Specify a version of archiving format
mc<par> Set advanced compression parameters
md<n>[k,m,g] Dictionary size in KB, MB or GB
ms[ext;ext] Specify file types to store
mt<threads> Set the number of threads
n<file> Additionally filter included files
n@ Read additional filter masks from stdin
n@<list> Read additional filter masks from list file
o[+|-] Set the overwrite mode
oh Save hard links as the link instead of the file
oi[0-4][:min] Save identical files as references
ol Save symbolic links as the link instead of the file
or Rename files automatically
ow Save or restore file owner and group
p[password] Set password
p- Do not query password
qo[-|+] Add quick open information [none|force]
r Recurse subdirectories
r- Disable recursion
r0 Recurse subdirectories for wildcard names only
rr[N] Add data recovery record
rv[N] Create recovery volumes
s[<N>,v[-],e] Create solid archive
s- Disable solid archiving
sc<chr>[obj] Specify the character set
sfx[name] Create SFX archive
si[name] Read data from standard input (stdin)
sl<size> Process files with size less than specified
sm<size> Process files with size more than specified
t Test files after archiving
ta<date> Process files modified after <date> in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format
tb<date> Process files modified before <date> in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format
tk Keep original archive time
tl Set archive time to latest file
tn<time> Process files newer than <time>
to<time> Process files older than <time>
ts<m,c,a>[N] Save or restore file time (modification, creation, access)
u Update files
v<size>[k,b] Create volumes with size=<size>*1000 [*1024, *1]
ver[n] File version control
vn Use the old style volume naming scheme
vp Pause before each volume
w<path> Assign work directory
x<file> Exclude specified file
x@ Read file names to exclude from stdin
x@<list> Exclude files listed in specified list file
y Assume Yes on all queries
z[file] Read archive comment from file
UNRAR 5.11 freeware Copyright (c) 1993-2014 Alexander Roshal
Usage: unrar <command> -<switch 1> -<switch N> <archive> <files...>
<@listfiles...> <path_to_extract\>
<Commands>
e Extract files without archived paths
l[t[a],b] List archive contents [technical[all], bare]
p Print file to stdout
t Test archive files
v[t[a],b] Verbosely list archive contents [technical[all],bare]
x Extract files with full path
<Switches>
- Stop switches scanning
@[+] Disable [enable] file lists
ad Append archive name to destination path
ag[format] Generate archive name using the current date
ai Ignore file attributes
ap<path> Set path inside archive
c- Disable comments show
cfg- Disable read configuration
cl Convert names to lower case
cu Convert names to upper case
dh Open shared files
ep Exclude paths from names
ep3 Expand paths to full including the drive letter
f Freshen files
id[c,d,p,q] Disable messages
ierr Send all messages to stderr
inul Disable all messages
kb Keep broken extracted files
n<file> Additionally filter included files
n@ Read additional filter masks from stdin
n@<list> Read additional filter masks from list file
o[+|-] Set the overwrite mode
or Rename files automatically
ow Save or restore file owner and group
p[password] Set password
p- Do not query password
r Recurse subdirectories
sc<chr>[obj] Specify the character set
sl<size> Process files with size less than specified
sm<size> Process files with size more than specified
ta<date> Process files modified after <date> in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format
tb<date> Process files modified before <date> in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format
tn<time> Process files newer than <time>
to<time> Process files older than <time>
ts<m,c,a>[N] Save or restore file time (modification, creation, access)
u Update files
v List all volumes
ver[n] File version control
vp Pause before each volume
x<file> Exclude specified file
x@ Read file names to exclude from stdin
x@<list> Exclude files listed in specified list file
y Assume Yes on all queries
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