如何利用Hibernate4的annotation配置多对多（ManyToMany）关系？

首先，来看看ER关系图：

这个关系可以理解为：一个角色可以有多个雇员，而一个雇员也可以有多个角色。现实中就是老板->经理->一般员工。

然后，再来看看表结构：

CREATE TABLE employee
(
  id integer NOT NULL,
  first_name character varying(60),
  last_name character varying(60),
  full_name character varying(120),
  email character varying(255),
  cell_phone character varying(15),
  age smallint,
  sex smallint,
  department_id integer,
  CONSTRAINT employee_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
)

CREATE TABLE role
(
  id integer NOT NULL,
  name character varying(60),
  rank integer,
  CONSTRAINT role_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
)

CREATE TABLE employee_role
(
  employee_id integer NOT NULL,
  role_id integer NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT employee_role_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_id, role_id),
  CONSTRAINT fk_employee_role_1 FOREIGN KEY (employee_id)
      REFERENCES employee (id) MATCH SIMPLE
      ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT fk_employee_role_2 FOREIGN KEY (role_id)
      REFERENCES role (id) MATCH SIMPLE
      ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION
)

其中需要说明的是中间表（也就是大多数说的关系表）的组合主键，这个必须设置，否则你会发现只有一个表被插入了数据，而中间表没有。

最后，来看看entity类中的annotation是如何设置的：

首先是Employee类

@ManyToMany(cascade = {CascadeType.ALL}, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinTable(name = "employee_role", 
	   joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "employee_id")}, 
	   inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "role_id")})
private Set<Role> roles = new LinkedHashSet<Role>();

接着是Role类

@ManyToMany(mappedBy = "roles")
private Set<Employee> employees = new LinkedHashSet<Employee>();

需要说明的是：

1. joinColumns设置的是employee->employee_role的映射关系；
2. inverseJoinColumns设置的是employee_role->role的映射关系；
3. Role类中的mappedBy="roles"说明由Role类来维护Employee_Role关系。

你可以用以下测试代码：

public class HibernateTest {

	private static SessionFactory sf;
	
	@BeforeClass
	public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
		cfg.configure();
		ServiceRegistry sr = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(cfg.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
		try {
			sf = cfg.configure()
					.addAnnotatedClass(Employee.class)
					.buildSessionFactory(sr);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	@Test
	public void test() {
		Session s = sf.openSession();
		Transaction tx = s.beginTransaction();
		
		Department d = new Department();
		d.setName("development");
		
		Role r = new Role();
		r.setName("administrator");
		r.setRank(1);
		
		Role r1 = new Role();
		r1.setName("owner");
		r1.setRank(2);
		
		Employee e = new Employee();
		e.setAge(33);
		e.setSex(1);
		e.setCellphone("86186xxxxxxx8");
		e.setLastname("Tian");
		e.setFirstname("Max");
		e.setEmail("max.tian@xxx.com");
		e.setDepartment(d);
		
		Employee e1 = new Employee();
		e1.setAge(33);
		e1.setSex(1);
		e1.setCellphone("86186xxxxxxx8");
		e1.setLastname("Tom");
		e1.setFirstname("Jackson");
		e1.setEmail("tom.jackson@xxx.com");
		e1.setDepartment(d);
		
		e.getRoles().add(r);
		e.getRoles().add(r1);
		e1.getRoles().add(r);
		
		s.save(e1);
		s.save(e);
		s.persist(d);
		
		tx.commit();
		s.close();
		
	}
}