操作目的:
PostgreSQL数据库在不同模式之间迁移数据,可用于在异机数据迁移的场景。
今天网友问到一个问题,是在数据迁移的场景中,想把源库的数据迁移到不同的schema下面,比如从schema gaoqiang,迁移到schema mayday。
schema(模式)这种概念在Oracle中,可以把用户认为就是schema,比如用户gaoqiang的模式就是gaoqiang;在其他数据库中不一定是一一严格对应的,具有一定的灵活性。在PostgreSQL数据库中,模式和用户可以单独创建,也可一起创建。
操作思路:
从备份导出原有的schema gaoqiang的数据--->新建用户、模式 mayday--->修改相关配置--->导入数据到新的模式Mayday--->验证数据完整性以及属性
导出数据库music中的模式gaoqiang的表结构和数据:
-bash-4.1$ pg_dump -d music -n gaoqiang -f /tmp/gaoqiang.sql
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- -bash-4.1$ cat gaoqiang.sql
- --
- -- PostgreSQL database dump
- --
- SET statement_timeout = 0;
- SET lock_timeout = 0;
- SET client_encoding = 'UTF8';
- SET standard_conforming_strings = on;
- SET check_function_bodies = false;
- SET client_min_messages = warning;
- --
- -- Name: gaoqiang; Type: SCHEMA; Schema: -; Owner: gaoqiang
- --
- CREATE SCHEMA gaoqiang;
- ALTER SCHEMA gaoqiang OWNER TO gaoqiang;
- SET search_path = gaoqiang, pg_catalog; ----标红的2行一个是决定导入到那个schema中,一个是决定表的属性,还可以设定表空间和oid,如果有需要可以设置
- SET default_tablespace = '';
- SET default_with_oids = false;
- --
- -- Name: summary; Type: TABLE; Schema: gaoqiang; Owner: gaoqiang; Tablespace:
- --
- CREATE TABLE summary (
- id integer,
- name text
- );
- ALTER TABLE summary OWNER TO gaoqiang;
- --
- -- Data for Name: summary; Type: TABLE DATA; Schema: gaoqiang; Owner: gaoqiang
- --
- COPY summary (id, name) FROM stdin;
- 1 GaoQiang
- 2 GaoQiang is not 2
- \.
- --
- -- PostgreSQL database dump complete
- --
创建新的用户和模式:
music=# \c music postgres
You are now connected to database "music" as user "postgres".
music=# create user mayday with password 'mayday';
CREATE ROLE
music=# create schema authorization mayday;
CREATE SCHEMA
修改pg_dump导出的文件gaoqiang.sql:
把原来的:
SET search_path = gaoqiang, pg_catalog;
改成:
SET search_path = mayday, pg_catalog;
-bash-4.1$ vi gaoqiang.sql
-bash-4.1$ cat gaoqiang.sql |grep mayday
SET search_path = mayday, pg_catalog;
开始迁移:
-bash-4.1$ psql music
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
ERROR: schema "gaoqiang" already exists
ALTER SCHEMA
SET
SET
SET
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
COPY 2
-bash-4.1$
用mayday登录数据库查看表的属性:
-bash-4.1$ psql music mayday
psql (9.4.1)
Type "help" for help.
查看表属性:
music=> \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+---------+-------+----------
mayday | summary | table | gaoqiang ---发现该表的属主属性有点问题
(1 row)
处理方法有2种,都很简单:
方法1:
-bash-4.1$ psql music postgres
psql (9.4.1)
Type "help" for help.
music=# alter table mayday.summary OWNER TO mayday;
ALTER TABLE
music=# \c music mayday
You are now connected to database "music" as user "mayday".
music=> \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+---------+-------+--------
mayday | summary | table | mayday
(1 row)
方法2:
先删除刚才的测试表,然后再进行导入操作,避免冲突:
music=> drop table summary;
DROP TABLE
在导出的脚本中有这么一行:
ALTER TABLE summary OWNER TO gaoqiang;
在修改模式路径的时候,直接修改该语句也可。
-bash-4.1$ vi /tmp/gaoqiang.sql
ALTER TABLE summary OWNER TO mayday;
music=> \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+---------+-------+----------
public | summary | table | postgres
(1 row)
music=> \q
开始迁移:
-bash-4.1$ psql music
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
ERROR: schema "gaoqiang" already exists
ALTER SCHEMA
SET
SET
SET
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
COPY 2
-bash-4.1$
验证表的属主和模式已改变:
-bash-4.1$ psql music mayday
psql (9.4.1)
Type "help" for help.
music=> \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+---------+-------+--------
mayday | summary | table | mayday
(1 row)
验证数据完整性与属性:
用DBA用户连接数据库查询2张不同模式的表:
music=> \c music postgres
You are now connected to database "music" as user "postgres".
music=# select * from gaoqiang.summary;
id | name
----+-------------------
1 | GaoQiang
2 | GaoQiang is not 2
(2 rows)
music=# select * from mayday.summary;
id | name
----+-------------------
1 | GaoQiang
2 | GaoQiang is not 2
(2 rows)
music=# \c music gaoqiang
You are now connected to database "music" as user "gaoqiang".
music=> \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
----------+---------+-------+----------
gaoqiang | summary | table | gaoqiang
(1 row)
music=# select tablename,tableowner,schemaname from pg_tables where tablename = 'summary';
tablename | tableowner | schemaname
-----------+------------+------------
summary | gaoqiang | gaoqiang
summary | mayday | mayday
(4 rows)