MySQL：with...as的基本使用

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一、概述

with as 语句是SQL中的一种常用语法，它可以为一个查询结果或子查询结果创建一个临时表，并且可以在后续的查询中使用这个临时表，在查询结束后该临时表就被清除了。这种语法的使用可以使得复杂的查询变得简单，同时也可以提高查询效率。

版本支持：

• mysql版本：8以及8以上的
• sql server：sql server 2005以后的版本
• oracle：Oracle 9i的第二版本数据库

二、语法

WITH cte_name1[(column_name_list)] AS (inner_query_definition_1)
   [,cte_name2[(column_name_list)] AS (inner_query_definition_2)]
[,...]
outer_query_definition

三、案例1：重命名

CREATE TABLE user(
    id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    sex CHAR(3),NAME CHAR(20)
);

INSERT INTO user VALUES 
(1,'nan','陈一'),
(2,'nv','珠二'),
(3,'nv','张三'),
(4,'nan','李四'),
(5,'nv','王五'),
(6,'nan','赵六');
  
# 定义CTE，顺便为每列重新命名，且使用ORDER BY子句
WITH nv_user(myid,mysex,myname) AS (
    SELECT * FROM user WHERE sex='nv' ORDER BY id DESC
)
# 使用CTE
SELECT * FROM nv_user;
+------+-------+-------------+
| myid | mysex | myname      |
+------+-------+-------------+
|    5 | nv    | 王五        |
|    3 | nv    | 张三        |
|    2 | nv    | 珠二        |
+------+-------+-------------+

三、案例1：简化查询写法

-- 分类表
CREATE TABLE category ( cid VARCHAR ( 32 ) PRIMARY KEY, cname VARCHAR ( 50 ) );

-- 商品表
CREATE TABLE products (
	pid VARCHAR ( 32 ) PRIMARY KEY,
	pname VARCHAR ( 50 ),
	price INT,
	category_id VARCHAR ( 32 ),
	FOREIGN KEY ( category_id ) REFERENCES category ( cid ) 
);
-- 分类数据
INSERT INTO category(cid,cname) VALUES('c001','家电');
INSERT INTO category(cid,cname) VALUES('c002','鞋服');
INSERT INTO category(cid,cname) VALUES('c003','化妆品');
INSERT INTO category(cid,cname) VALUES('c004','汽车');

-- 商品数据
INSERT INTO products(pid, pname,price,category_id) VALUES('p001','小米电视机',5000,'c001');
INSERT INTO products(pid, pname,price,category_id) VALUES('p002','格力空调',3000,'c001');
INSERT INTO products(pid, pname,price,category_id) VALUES('p003','美的冰箱',4500,'c001');
INSERT INTO products (pid, pname,price,category_id) VALUES('p004','篮球鞋',800,'c002');
INSERT INTO products (pid, pname,price,category_id) VALUES('p005','运动裤',200,'c002');
INSERT INTO products (pid, pname,price,category_id) VALUES('p006','T恤',300,'c002');
INSERT INTO products (pid, pname,price,category_id) VALUES('p007','冲锋衣',2000,'c002');
INSERT INTO products (pid, pname,price,category_id) VALUES('p008','神仙水',800,'c003');
INSERT INTO products (pid, pname,price,category_id) VALUES('p009','大宝',200,'c003');

如上图，如果我想查询“家电”中“格力空调”与“美的冰箱”的信息，不用with as写法如下：

select * from category c
left join products p on c.cid = p.category_id
where c.cname = '家电' and p.pname in ('格力空调','美的冰箱');

使用with as写法如下：

with c as (select * from category where cname = '家电'),
     p as (select * from products where pname in ('格力空调','美的冰箱'))
     
select * from c,p where c.cid = p.category_id;