Requests库的基本使用

# 基本方法
import requests
response = requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org')
print(type(response))
print(response.status_code)#返回码
print(type(response.text))#返回的文本类型
print(response.cookies)#cookies信息
print(response.url)#url信息
print(response.history)#history信息,访问的历史纪录
# 判断状态码--判断返回的状态码是否是200，如果是打印信息，否则退出程序
exit()if not response.status_code==200 else print('Requests Successfully')

#不带参数
response = requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org/get')
#带参数
response = requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org/get?name=germey&age=22')

#带参数--字典参数
data= {
    "age": "22",
    "name": "germey"
  }
response = requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org/get',params=data)

#带参数--解析json
import json
response = requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org/get')
print(type(response.json()))#结果类型dict
print(json.loads(response.text))#结果类型dict
print(response.json())

# 图片是以二进制方式存储的
response = requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org/ficon.ico')
# 添加headers
headers = {}
response = requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org/explore',headers=headers)

# 文件上传
file = {'file':open('favicon.ico','rb')}
response = requests.post('http://www.httpbin.org',file=file)

# 获取cookie----cookie存储字典格式
response = requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org')
for key,value in response.cookies.items():
    print(key + ':' + value)

# # 模拟登陆
requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789')
response = requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org/cookies')
print(response.text)

# 常用的在一个页面先set设置cookie信息，再getcookie信息进行登陆操作*****
s = requests.Session()
s.get('http://www.httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789')
response = s.get('http://www.httpbin.org/cookies')
print(response.text)

# # 证书验证
from requests.packages import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings()#去掉异常信息
#  verify=False证书信息
response = requests.get("https://www.httpbin.org",verify=False)
print(response.status_code)

# cert导入证书
response = requests.get("https://www.httpbin.org",cert=('/path/server.crt','/path/key'))

# # 代理---没有用户名和密码的代理
proxles = {
    "http":"http://127.0.0.1:1234",
    "https":"http://127.0.0.1:1234",
}
response = requests.get("https://www.httpbin.org",proxles=proxles)
# # 代理---有用户名和密码的代理
proxles = {
    "http":"http://user:password@127.0.0.1:1234",
}
response = requests.get("https://www.httpbin.org",proxles=proxles)

# socks代理
proxles = {
    "http":"socks5://127.0.0.1:1234",
    "https":"socks5://127.0.0.1:1234",
}
response = requests.get("https://www.thttpbin.org",proxles=proxles)

# 超时设置---捕捉异常
from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout
try:
    response = requests.get("http://www.httpbin.org/get", timeout=0.05)
    print(response.status_code)
except ReadTimeout as e:
    print("Timeout", e)

# 认证设置--网址输入用户名密码后才能看到信息
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
r = requests.get('http:120.120.120.120:9001',auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user',"123"))
print(r.status_code)

# 异常处理
from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,RequestException
try:
    response = requests.get("http://www.httpbin.org/get", timeout=0.05)
    print(response.status_code)
except ReadTimeout:
    print("Timeout")
except RequestException:
    print('Error')