软件测试学习之 Python 模块制作与发布

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-01 19:35:06 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-01 19:35:06 发布

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签：模块制作模块发布 module

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Python模块制作与发布

如果希望自己开发的模块，分享给其他人，可以按照以下步骤操作

新建包名为hello，此模块的全部功能由request.py和response.py两个文件完成。

目录结构：

|-- hello
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- request.py
|   `-- response.py
`-- setup.py

request.py文件

def hello():
    print("请求调用我")

response.py文件

from hello.request import hello

def res():
    hello()
    print("已经响应了")

def main():  # 测试
    res()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

__init__.py文件

from . import request
from . import response

注：这里使用的是Python3.x的解释器。

1. 制作发布压缩包步骤

1) 创建 setup.py

setup.py 的文件

from distutils.core import setup

# 多值的字典参数，setup是一个函数
setup(name="Hello",  # 包名
      version="1.0",  # 版本
      description="a simple example",  # 描述信息
      long_description="简单的模块发布例子",  # 完整描述信息
      author="onefine",  # 作者
      author_email="188302531@qq.com",  # 作者邮箱
      url="www.onefine.top",  # 主页
      py_modules=["hello.request",
                  "hello.response"])  # 记录包中包中包含的所有模块

2) 构建模块

构建模块命令如下

$ python3 setup.py build

如果出现下面情况

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ python3 setup.py build
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 1, in <module>
    from distutils.core import setup
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'distutils.core'

因为ubuntu-18.10 默认没有安装 pip ，需要安装 python3-pip

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ sudo apt-get install python3-pip
[sudo] onefine 的密码：

输入密码，耐心等待安装之后重新构建模块：

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ python3 setup.py build
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/hello
copying hello/__init__.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/request.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/response.py -> build/lib/hello
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$

同样，若出现下面情况，请安装ipython3

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ipython3

Command 'ipython3' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install ipython3

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ sudo apt install ipython3

3) 生成发布压缩包

生成发布压缩包命令如下

$ python3 setup.py sdist

执行如下

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ python3 setup.py sdist
running sdist
running check
warning: sdist: manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' does not exist (using default file list)

warning: sdist: standard file not found: should have one of README, README.txt

writing manifest file 'MANIFEST'
creating Hello-1.0
creating Hello-1.0/hello
making hard links in Hello-1.0...
hard linking setup.py -> Hello-1.0
hard linking hello/__init__.py -> Hello-1.0/hello
hard linking hello/request.py -> Hello-1.0/hello
hard linking hello/response.py -> Hello-1.0/hello
creating dist
Creating tar archive
removing 'Hello-1.0' (and everything under it)
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$

注意：要制作哪个版本的模块，就使用哪个版本的解释器执行！这里使用的是Python3.x。

查看一下

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ ls dist -a -l
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 .
drwxrwxr-x 7 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 onefine onefine  936 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0.tar.gz
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$

Hello-1.0.tar.gz就是发布的模块，自己开发的模块制作完成。

3. 安装模块

解压

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ ls dist/ -l
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 onefine onefine  936 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0.tar.gz
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ cd dist/
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ tar -zxzf Hello-1.0.tar.gz 
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ ls -l
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 onefine onefine  936 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0.tar.gz
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ tree Hello-1.0
Hello-1.0
|-- PKG-INFO
|-- hello
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- request.py
|   `-- response.py
`-- setup.py

1 directory, 5 files
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$

安装

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ sudo python3 /Hello-1.0/setup.py install
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/hello
copying hello/__init__.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/request.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/response.py -> build/lib/hello
running install_lib
creating /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
copying build/lib/hello/request.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
copying build/lib/hello/response.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
copying build/lib/hello/__init__.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello/request.py to request.cpython-36.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello/response.py to response.cpython-36.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello/__init__.py to __init__.cpython-36.pyc
running install_egg_info
Writing /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/Hello-1.0.egg-info
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ tree Hello-1.0
Hello-1.0
|-- PKG-INFO
|-- build [error opening dir]
|-- hello
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- request.py
|   `-- response.py
`-- setup.py

2 directories, 5 files
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$

测试

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ipython3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import hello

In [2]: hello.response.res()
请求调用我
已经响应了

In [3]: exit
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$

卸载模块
直接从安装目录下，把安装模块的目录删除就可以

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/$ cd /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ls -a -l
总用量 16
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 1月  14 20:53 .
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 10月 18 06:23 ..
drwxr-sr-x 3 root staff 4096 1月  14 20:53 hello
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff  223 1月  14 20:53 Hello-1.0.egg-info
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ sudo rm -r hello*
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ls -a -l
总用量 12
drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4096 1月  14 21:12 .
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 10月 18 06:23 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff  223 1月  14 20:53 Hello-1.0.egg-info
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ cat Hello-1.0.egg-info 
Metadata-Version: 1.0
Name: Hello
Version: 1.0
Summary: a simple example
Home-page: www.onefine.top
Author: onefine
Author-email: 188302531@qq.com
License: UNKNOWN
Description: 简单的模块发布例子
Platform: UNKNOWN
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ sudo rm Hello-1.0.egg-info 
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ls -a -l
总用量 8
drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4096 1月  14 21:12 .
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 10月 18 06:23 ..
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$

删除成功，要不再来测试一下

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ipython3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]: import hello
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-f81fb083bdeb> in <module>()
----> 1 import hello

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'hello'

In [2]: exit
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$

至此，模块安装从入门到卸载完成。

4. 使用 pip 安装第三方模块

第三方模块通常是指由知名的第三方团队开发的并且被程序员广泛使用的 Python 包 / 模块,例如 pygame 就是一套非常成熟的游戏开发模块

pip 是一个现代的，通用的 Python 包管理工具
提供了对 Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载等功能
安装和卸载命令如下：

# 将模块安装到 Python 2.x 环境
    $ sudo pip install pygame
    $ sudo pip uninstall pygame
    
# 将模块安装到 Python 3.x 环境
$ sudo pip3 install pygame
$ sudo pip3 uninstall pygame

在 `Mac` 下安装 `iPython`

$ sudo pip install ipython

在 `Linux` 下安装 `iPython`

$ sudo apt install ipython
$ sudo apt install ipython3

转载说明：
作者：one-fine
来源：CSDN
原文：Python模块制作与发布