AutoFac使用方法总结:Part I

utoFac是.net平台下的IOC容器产品，它可以管理类之间的复杂的依赖关系。在使用方面主要是register和resolve两类操作。 这篇文章用单元测试的形式列举了AutoFac的常用使用方法：

注册部分

使用RegisterType进行注册

 

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1. [Fact]  
2.   
3.     public void can_resolve_myclass()  
4.   
5.     {  
6.   
7.         var builder = new ContainerBuilder();  
8.   
9.         builder.RegisterType<MyClass>();  
10.   
11.    
12.   
13.         IContainer container = builder.Build();  
14.   
15.         var myClass = container.Resolve<MyClass>();  
16.   
17.         Assert.NotNull(myClass);  
18.   
19.     }  

 注册为接口

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void register_as_interface()  
3.     {  
4.         var builder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         builder.Register(c => new MyClass()).As<MyInterface>();  
6.   
7.         IContainer container = builder.Build();  
8.         Assert.NotNull(container.Resolve<MyInterface>());  
9.         Assert.Throws(typeof (ComponentNotRegisteredException), () => container.Resolve<MyClass>());  
10.     }  

使用lambda表达式进行注册

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void can_register_with_lambda()  
3.     {  
4.         var builder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         builder.Register(c => new MyClass());  
6.   
7.         IContainer container = builder.Build();  
8.         var myClass = container.Resolve<MyClass>();  
9.         Assert.NotNull(myClass);  
10.     }  

带构造参数的注册

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void register_with_parameter()  
3.     {  
4.         var builder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         builder.Register(c => new MyParameter());  
6.         builder.Register(c => new MyClass(c.Resolve<MyParameter>()));  
7.         IContainer container = builder.Build();  
8.         Assert.NotNull(container.Resolve<MyClass>());  
9.     }  

带属性赋值的注册

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void register_with_property()  
3.     {  
4.         var builder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         builder.Register(c => new MyProperty());  
6.         builder.Register(  
7.             c => new MyClass()  
8.                      {  
9.                          Property = c.Resolve<MyProperty>()  
10.                      });  
11.         IContainer container = builder.Build();  
12.         var myClass = container.Resolve<MyClass>();  
13.         Assert.NotNull(myClass);  
14.         Assert.NotNull(myClass.Property);  
15.     }  

Autofac分离了类的创建和使用，这样可以根据输入参数（NamedParameter）动态的选择实现类。

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void select_an_implementer_based_on_parameter_value()  
3.     {  
4.         var builder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         builder.Register<IRepository>((c, p) =>  
6.                              {  
7.                                  var type = p.Named<string>("type");  
8.                                  if (type == "test")  
9.                                  {  
10.                                      return new TestRepository();  
11.                                  }  
12.                                  else  
13.                                  {  
14.                                      return new DbRepository();  
15.                                  }  
16.                              }).As<IRepository>();  
17.   
18.         IContainer container = builder.Build();  
19.         var repository = container.Resolve<IRepository>(new NamedParameter("type", "test"));  
20.         Assert.Equal(typeof(TestRepository),repository.GetType());  
21.     }  

AufoFac也可以用一个实例来注册，比如用在单例模式情况下：

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void register_with_instance()  
3.     {  
4.         var builder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         builder.RegisterInstance(MyInstance.Instance).ExternallyOwned();  
6.         IContainer container = builder.Build();  
7.         var myInstance1 = container.Resolve<MyInstance>();  
8.         var myInstance2 = container.Resolve<MyInstance>();  
9.         Assert.Equal(myInstance1,myInstance2);  
10.     }  

注册open generic类型

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void register_open_generic()  
3.     {  
4.         var builder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         builder.RegisterGeneric(typeof (MyList<>));  
6.         IContainer container = builder.Build();  
7.         var myIntList = container.Resolve<MyList<int>>();  
8.         Assert.NotNull(myIntList);  
9.         var myStringList = container.Resolve<MyList<string>>();  
10.         Assert.NotNull(myStringList);  
11.     }  

对于同一个接口，后面注册的实现会覆盖之前的实现

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void register_order()  
3.     {  
4.         var containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         containerBuilder.RegisterType<DbRepository>().As<IRepository>();  
6.         containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestRepository>().As<IRepository>();  
7.   
8.         IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build();  
9.         var repository = container.Resolve<IRepository>();  
10.         Assert.Equal(typeof(TestRepository), repository.GetType());  
11.     }  

如果不想覆盖的话，可以用PreserveExistingDefaults，这样会保留原来注册的实现。

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void register_order_defaults()  
3.     {  
4.         var containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         containerBuilder.RegisterType<DbRepository>().As<IRepository>();  
6.         containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestRepository>().As<IRepository>().PreserveExistingDefaults();  
7.   
8.         IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build();  
9.         var repository = container.Resolve<IRepository>();  
10.         Assert.Equal(typeof (DbRepository), repository.GetType());  
11.     }  

可以用Name来区分不同的实现，代替As方法

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void register_with_name()  
3.     {  
4.         var containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         containerBuilder.RegisterType<DbRepository>().Named<IRepository>("DB");  
6.         containerBuilder.RegisterType<TestRepository>().Named<IRepository>("Test");  
7.   
8.         IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build();  
9.         var dbRepository = container.ResolveNamed<IRepository>("DB");  
10.         var testRepository = container.ResolveNamed<IRepository>("Test");  
11.         Assert.Equal(typeof(DbRepository), dbRepository.GetType());  
12.         Assert.Equal(typeof(TestRepository), testRepository.GetType());  
13.     }  

如果一个类有多个构造函数的话，可以在注册时候选择不同的构造函数

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void choose_constructors()  
3.     {  
4.         var builder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         builder.RegisterType<MyParameter>();  
6.         builder.RegisterType<MyClass>().UsingConstructor(typeof (MyParameter));  
7.         IContainer container = builder.Build();  
8.         var myClass = container.Resolve<MyClass>();  
9.         Assert.NotNull(myClass);  
10.     }  

AutoFac可以注册一个Assemble下所有的类，当然，也可以根据类型进行筛选

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1. [Fact]  
2.     public void register_assembly()  
3.     {  
4.         var builder = new ContainerBuilder();  
5.         builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()).  
6.             Where(t => t.Name.EndsWith("Repository")).  
7.             AsImplementedInterfaces();  
8.   
9.         IContainer container = builder.Build();  
10.         var repository = container.Resolve<IRepository>();  
11.         Assert.NotNull(repository);  
12.     }