目录
一、string基本概念
- sting本质为一个类,类内部封装了char*,管理这个字符串 ,是一个char*型的容器
- char* 是一个指针
二、string构造函数
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
/*
- string(); //创建一个空的字符串 例如string str;
string(const char* s); //使用字符串s初始化
string(const string& str); //使用一个string对象初始化另一个string对象
string(int n,char c); //使用n个字符c初始化
*/
//string的构造函数
void test01()
{
string s1; //创建对象,调用默认构造
const char* str = "hello world";
string s2(str);
cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;
string s3(s2);
cout << "s3 = " << s3 << endl;
string s4(10, 'a');
cout << "s4 = " << s4 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
三、string赋值操作
/*
string& operator=(const char* s); //char * 类型字符串 赋值给当前的字符串
string& operator=(const string &s); //把字符串s赋给当前的字符串
string& operator=(char c); //字符赋给当前的字符串
string& assign(const char *s); //把字符串s赋给当前的字符串
string& assign(const char*s, int n); //把字符串s的前n个字符赋给当前的字符串
string& assign(const string &s); //把字符串s赋给当前的字符串
string& assign(int n ,char c); //用n个字符c赋给当前字符串
*/
string str1;
str1 = "hello world";
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str2;
str2 = str1;
cout << "str2 = " << str2 << endl;
string str3;
str3 = 'c';
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
string str4;
str4.assign("hello C++");
cout << "str4 = " << str4 << endl;
string str5;
str5.assign("hello C++",7);
cout << "str5 = " << str5 << endl;
string str6;
str6.assign(str5);
cout << "str6 = " << str6 << endl;
string str7;
str7.assign(7, 'a');
cout << "str7 = " << str7 << endl;
四、string字符串拼接
/*
string& operator+=(const char* s); //重载+=操作符
string& operator+=(const string &s); //重载+=操作符
string& operator+=(const char c); //重载+=操作符
string& append(const char *s); //把字符串s拼接到当前的字符串结尾
string& append(const char*s, int n); //把字符串s的前n个字符拼接到当前的字符串结尾
string& append(const string &s); //
string& append(const string&s ,int pos, int n); //字符串s中从pos开始的第n个字符(0开始计算)拼接到当前字符串结尾
*/
string str1;
str1 = "我";
str1 += "爱玩游戏";
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
str1 += ':';
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str2 = "LOL DNF";
str1 += str2;
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str3 = "I";
str3.append(" love");
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
str3.append(" game abcde", 5);
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
//str3.append(str2);
//cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
str3.append(str2, 4, 3);
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
五、string查找和替换
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
/*
int find(const string& str,int pos = 0)const; //查找str第一次出现位置,从第pos开始查找
int find(const char*s,int pos=0)const; //查找s第一次出现位置,从第pos开始查找
int find(const char*s, int pos, int n)const; //从第pos位置开始查找 s的前n个字符第一次位置
int find(const char c, int pos=0)const; //查找字符c第一次出现的位置
int rfind(const string& str,int pos = npos)const; //查找str最后一次位置,从第pos开始查找
int rfind(const char* s, int pos =npos)const; //查找s最后一次出现位置,从pos开始查找
int rfind(const char* s, int pos, int n)const; //查找s的前n个字符最后一次出现位置,从pos开始查找
int rfind(const char c, int pos=0)const; //查找c字符最后一次出现位置
string& replace(int pos,int n,const string& str); //替换从pos开始n个字符 为字符串str
string& replace(int pos, int n,const char*s); //替换从pos开始的n个字符为字符串s
*/
//查找
void test01()
{
string str1;
str1 = "abcdefgde";
int pos = str1.find("de");
if (pos == -1)
{
cout << "未找到字符串" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到字符串,pos = " << pos << endl;
}
pos = str1.rfind("de");
cout << "找到字符串,pos = " << pos << endl;
}
//替换
void test02()
{
string str1 = "abcdefg";
str1.replace(1, 3, "11111");
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
六、string字符串比较
字符串比较是按字符的ASCII码进行对比
- = 返回 0
- > 返回 1
- < 返回-1
函数原型:
- int compare(const string& s)const; //与字符串s比较
- int compare(const char* s)const; //与字符串s比较
string str1 = "gzzzz";
string str2 = "hello";
if (str1.compare(str2) == 0)
{
cout << "str1 == str2 " << endl;
}
cout << str1.compare(str2) << endl;
七、string字符存取
string中单个字符存取方式有两种
- char& operator[](int n); //通过[]方式取字符
- char& at(int n); //通过at方法获取字符
string str = "hello";
cout << "str = " << str << endl;
//1、char& operator[](int n); //通过[]方式取字符
for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
{
cout << str[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//2、char& at(int n); //通过at方法获取字符
for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
{
cout << str.at(i) << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//修改单个字符
str[0] = 'x';
cout << "str = " << str << endl;
八、string插入和删除
string& insert(int pos, const char*s); //插入字符串
string& insert(int pos, const string& s); //插入字符串
string& insert(int pos, int n, char c); //在指定位置插入n个字符c
string& erase(int pos, int n = npos); //删除从pos开始的n个字符
string str = "hello";
//插入
str.insert(1, "111");
cout << "str = " << str << endl;
//删除
str.erase(1, 3);
cout << "str = " << str << endl;
九、string子串
string子串:从字符串中获取想要的子串
函数原型: string& substr(int pos = 0,int n= npos)const; //返回由pos开始的n个字符组成的字符串
string str = "abcdef";
string substr = str.substr(1, 3);
cout << "substr = " << substr<<endl;
//实用操作
string email = "zhangsan@sina.com";
//从邮件地址中获取用户名信息
int pos = email.find("@");
string usrname = email.substr(0, pos);
cout << "usrname = " << usrname << endl;