centos6 安装ruby on rails环境并部署（nginx+unicorn）

1.第一步

 su root ***

安装依赖包

   yum -y install gcc

 yum install flex autoconf zlib curl zlib-devel curl-devel bzip2  bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel
  gcc+ gcc-c++ libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel[/quote]

（说明：以上包都得安装上，否则最后rails 环境会出错）

2.安装ruby

  wget ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org//pub/ruby/1.9/ruby-1.9.2-p0.tar.gz   

  tar -zxvf ruby-1.9.2-p0.tar.gz   

  cd ruby-1.9.2-p0

  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ruby

  make 

  make test

  make install

3.ruby 安装后 gem list 出现错误

    ERROR:  Loading command: list (LoadError)   

    no such file to load -- zlib   

    ERROR:  While executing gem ... (NameError)   

       uninitialized constant Gem::Commands::ListCommand  
 解决办法：

    sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev    

    (2)然后到源码目录的ext/zlib下 （刚才解压的ruby1.9.2目录）   

  sudo ruby extconf.rb         （需要管理员权限）   

    make    

    sudo make install 

4. sudo: ruby: command not found

建立以下软链接:

    sudo ln -s /usr/local/ruby/bin/ruby /usr/bin/ruby    

    sudo ln -s /usr/local/ruby/bin/gem /usr/bin/gem  

5. gem install rails

6. 安装 mysql

三条命令实现安装 mysql

  yum install mysql-server 

  yum install mysql 

  yum install mysql-devel 

默认安装的mysql 密码是空 ， 所以需要修改密码

    mysql -u root -p 回车进入 

    mysql> USE mysql; 

    mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('new-password') WHERE user='root'; 

    mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 

   重启 mysql service

 /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

  ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/ var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)

  sudo /etc/init.d/mysqld start

7. 安装git和部署项目

  yum install git-core

  ssh-keygen -t rsa

如果是从别的地方拷贝过来的，需 进行权限操作：

 chmod 777 id_rsa id_rsa.pub

8.克隆服务器项目

(1).rails 项目为了避免麻烦的权限，一般部署在 ～/ 目录下

 mkdir projects && cd ..

      git clone git@192.168.8.201:entos.git

      cd entos 

      切换到开发分支

      git checkout develop

      bundle install

      mv config/database.yml.example database.yml

(2) 修改示例数据库配置文件

    vi config/database.yml edit root# password

      建库，数据迁移

      bundle exec rake RAILS_ENV=production db:create:all

      bundle exec rake RAILS_ENV=production db:migrate

(3) 启动服务并测试

rails s

本地测试rails 环境是否搭建成功

浏览器访问:localhost:3000 是否出现首页

（4） 再此期间遇到的问题：

a 如果出现：errors:libxml2 is missing. please visit http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html for help with installing dependencies.

解决方法：sudo yum install -y libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel （此时要有 -y 参数，否则安装出错）

b 如果出现 ：make: g++: Command not found

解决方法： yum -y install gcc+ gcc-c++

c 如果出现： no such file to load -- openssl (LoadError)

解决办法： cd ~/Downloads/ruby-1.9.2-p180/ext/openssl (assuming you extracted the ruby tar to ~/Downloads)

$ ruby extconf.rb && make && sudo make install

9. nginx+unicorn 部署：

(1) install nginx

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.10.tar.gz

   sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

   make  && make install

  启动 ：sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 

  停止：sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

  重启：sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

（2）安装遇到的问题

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

安装pcre-devel解决问题

yum -y install pcre-devel

（3）安装Unicorn

  gem install unicorn

   获取 unicorn 配置文件   

   curl -o config/unicorn.rb https://raw.github.com/defunkt/unicorn/master/examples/unicorn.conf.rb

修改配置文件：

vi config/unicorn.rb

 app_path="/home/dong/projects/entos"

    working_directory app_path  # available in 0.94.0+

    listen app_path+"/tmp/nginx/sockets/unicorn.sock", :backlog => 64 (/tmp/nginx/sockets 需提前创建该文件目录，特别注意：unicorn.sock 不用创建，当unicorn_rails 启动后，会自动生成该文件*.sock)

    listen 8080, :tcp_nopush => true

    timeout 30

    pid app_path+"/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid"

    stderr_path app_path+"/log/unicorn.stderr.log" 

    stdout_path app_path+"/log/unicorn.stdout.log"

(须在项目log目录下创建 unicorn.stderr.log ，unicorn.stdout.log，两个文件)

touch log/unicorn.stderr.log

touch log/unicorn.stdout.log

启动 unicorn_rails

unicorn_rails -c config/unicorn.rb -E production -D
       unicorn_rails -c config/unicorn.rb  -D
#运行次命令前要开启数据库服务，否则会启动报错

  sudo gedit /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

关键代码配置：

user  root root;

http{

     upstream unicorn_server {

       server unix:/home/dong/projects/entos/tmp/nginx/sockets/unicorn.sock fail_timeout=0;

    }

    server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  www.entsea.com;

        root /home/dong/projects/entos/public;

        #charset koi8-r;


        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;


        location / {

        proxy_redirect off;

        proxy_set_header Host $host;

        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;

        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;

        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

        proxy_buffering on;

          proxy_pass http://unicorn_server; #关键部分，如果没此配置：则会出现 nginx 403 Forbidden ，即使放到最大权限也无济于事

        }

    }


} 

如果是本地测试，需添加 链接

vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 www.entsea.com

测试：浏览器输入 www.entsea.com 会看到首页


10.centos 安装中文输入法

yum install "@Chinese Support"

Preferences-Input method-最后选择添加...