转载来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/TerryBlog/archive/2012/02/20/2359051.html
Loader的特点和使用场所
- Loader 可以在Activity 和Fragments 的界面下运行(本篇将结合上篇文章的Fragments的DEMO进行讲述如何在Fragments 下使用Loaders)。
- 它可以提供类似于AysncTask一样的异步请求数据加载的功能,实际上它就是来源于AysncTask 的扩展并增加了很多人性化的功能,例如加载进度框、更好的控制API等。
- 它拥有一个类似于Windows Phone 开发的MVVM一样的数据改变通知机制,当数据源做出改变时会及时通知。
- 当Cursor 发生变化时,会自动加载数据,因此并不需要再重新进行数据查询。
Loader API 使用参考
- LoaderManager
每一个Activity 和 Fragments 只能存在一个LoaderManager,负责管理界面中的Loader。 - LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks
位于LoaderManager的子接口,提供众多的回调接口操作Loader ,如初始化、创建、重新启动、销毁、结束等一系列实用接口。 - Loader
与Fragments相似,是一个基础类,可以由用户自行扩展适合自己的类 - AsyncTaskLoader
提供了一个基于AsyncTask 工作机制的Loader,查看源码可以看到其继承于Loader,并且子类LoadTask 继承于AsyncTask<Void, Void, D>,并且实现了Runable 接口,功能十分强大。本DEMO就是基于AsyncTaskLoader篇写。 - CursorLoader
提供了一个基于AsyncTaskLoader工作机制的Loader,查看源码可以看到其继承于AsyncTaskLoader,一般继承OnQueryTextListener,可用于查询、更改数据源作用。
Loader 详细使用DEMO
基于上篇的Fragments 代码,添加Loaders功能,实现加载应用程序数据到界面上,DEMO的运行效果如下:
核心代码为
应用程序的数据对象类:
public
static
class AppEntry {
private final AppListLoader mLoader;
private final ApplicationInfo mInfo;
private final File mApkFile;
private String mLable;
private Drawable mIcon;
private boolean mMounted;
public AppEntry(AppListLoader loader, ApplicationInfo info) {
mLoader = loader;
mInfo = info;
mApkFile = new File(info.sourceDir);
}
public ApplicationInfo getApplicationInfo() {
return mInfo;
}
public String getLable() {
return mLable;
}
public Drawable getIcon() {
if (mIcon == null) {
if (mApkFile.exists()) {
mIcon = mInfo.loadIcon(mLoader.mPm);
return mIcon;
} else {
mMounted = false;
}
} else if (!mMounted) {
if (mApkFile.exists()) {
mMounted = true;
mIcon = mInfo.loadIcon(mLoader.mPm);
return mIcon;
}
} else {
return mIcon;
}
return mLoader.getContext().getResources().getDrawable(
android.R.drawable.sym_def_app_icon);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return mLable.toString();
}
void loadLable(Context mContext) {
if (mLable == null || !mMounted) {
if (!mApkFile.exists()) {
mMounted = false;
mLable = mInfo.packageName;
} else {
mMounted = true;
CharSequence lable = mInfo.loadLabel(mContext
.getPackageManager());
mLable = lable != null ? lable.toString()
: mInfo.packageName;
}
}
}
private final AppListLoader mLoader;
private final ApplicationInfo mInfo;
private final File mApkFile;
private String mLable;
private Drawable mIcon;
private boolean mMounted;
public AppEntry(AppListLoader loader, ApplicationInfo info) {
mLoader = loader;
mInfo = info;
mApkFile = new File(info.sourceDir);
}
public ApplicationInfo getApplicationInfo() {
return mInfo;
}
public String getLable() {
return mLable;
}
public Drawable getIcon() {
if (mIcon == null) {
if (mApkFile.exists()) {
mIcon = mInfo.loadIcon(mLoader.mPm);
return mIcon;
} else {
mMounted = false;
}
} else if (!mMounted) {
if (mApkFile.exists()) {
mMounted = true;
mIcon = mInfo.loadIcon(mLoader.mPm);
return mIcon;
}
} else {
return mIcon;
}
return mLoader.getContext().getResources().getDrawable(
android.R.drawable.sym_def_app_icon);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return mLable.toString();
}
void loadLable(Context mContext) {
if (mLable == null || !mMounted) {
if (!mApkFile.exists()) {
mMounted = false;
mLable = mInfo.packageName;
} else {
mMounted = true;
CharSequence lable = mInfo.loadLabel(mContext
.getPackageManager());
mLable = lable != null ? lable.toString()
: mInfo.packageName;
}
}
}
}
实现AsyncTaskLoader 加载数据
public
static
class AppListLoader
extends AsyncTaskLoader<List<AppEntry>> {
final InterestingConfigChanges mLastConfig = new InterestingConfigChanges();
final PackageManager mPm;
List<AppEntry> mApps;
packageIntentReceiver mPackageObserver;
public AppListLoader(Context context) {
super(context);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
mPm = getContext().getPackageManager();
}
@Override
public List<AppEntry> loadInBackground() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
List<ApplicationInfo> apps = mPm
.getInstalledApplications(PackageManager.GET_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES
| PackageManager.GET_DISABLED_COMPONENTS);
if (apps == null)
apps = new ArrayList<ApplicationInfo>();
final Context mContext = getContext();
List<AppEntry> entries = new ArrayList<AppEntry>(apps.size());
for (ApplicationInfo info : apps) {
AppEntry entry = new AppEntry( this, info);
entry.loadLable(mContext);
entries.add(entry);
}
Collections.sort(entries, ALPHA_COMPARATOR);
return entries;
}
@Override
public void deliverResult(
List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry> data) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (isReset()) {
if (data != null) {
// 释放资源处理
}
}
List<AppEntry> oladApps=data;
mApps=data;
if(isStarted()){
super.deliverResult(data);
}
if(oladApps!= null){
// 释放资源
}
}
protected void onStartLoading() {
if(mApps!= null)
deliverResult(mApps);
if(mPackageObserver== null)
mPackageObserver= new packageIntentReceiver( this);
boolean configChange=mLastConfig.applyNewConfig(getContext().getResources());
if(takeContentChanged()|| mApps== null || configChange){
forceLoad();
}
};
@Override
public void onCanceled(
List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry> data) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCanceled(data);
cancelLoad();
}
@Override
protected void onReset() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onReset();
onStopLoading();
if(mApps!= null){
// 释放资源
mApps= null;
}
if(mPackageObserver!= null){
getContext().unregisterReceiver(mPackageObserver);
mPackageObserver= null;
}
}
final InterestingConfigChanges mLastConfig = new InterestingConfigChanges();
final PackageManager mPm;
List<AppEntry> mApps;
packageIntentReceiver mPackageObserver;
public AppListLoader(Context context) {
super(context);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
mPm = getContext().getPackageManager();
}
@Override
public List<AppEntry> loadInBackground() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
List<ApplicationInfo> apps = mPm
.getInstalledApplications(PackageManager.GET_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES
| PackageManager.GET_DISABLED_COMPONENTS);
if (apps == null)
apps = new ArrayList<ApplicationInfo>();
final Context mContext = getContext();
List<AppEntry> entries = new ArrayList<AppEntry>(apps.size());
for (ApplicationInfo info : apps) {
AppEntry entry = new AppEntry( this, info);
entry.loadLable(mContext);
entries.add(entry);
}
Collections.sort(entries, ALPHA_COMPARATOR);
return entries;
}
@Override
public void deliverResult(
List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry> data) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (isReset()) {
if (data != null) {
// 释放资源处理
}
}
List<AppEntry> oladApps=data;
mApps=data;
if(isStarted()){
super.deliverResult(data);
}
if(oladApps!= null){
// 释放资源
}
}
protected void onStartLoading() {
if(mApps!= null)
deliverResult(mApps);
if(mPackageObserver== null)
mPackageObserver= new packageIntentReceiver( this);
boolean configChange=mLastConfig.applyNewConfig(getContext().getResources());
if(takeContentChanged()|| mApps== null || configChange){
forceLoad();
}
};
@Override
public void onCanceled(
List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry> data) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCanceled(data);
cancelLoad();
}
@Override
protected void onReset() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onReset();
onStopLoading();
if(mApps!= null){
// 释放资源
mApps= null;
}
if(mPackageObserver!= null){
getContext().unregisterReceiver(mPackageObserver);
mPackageObserver= null;
}
}
}
实现数据源:
public
static
class AppListAdapter
extends ArrayAdapter<AppEntry>{
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
public AppListAdapter(Context context) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
super(context, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2);
mInflater=(LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public void setData(List<AppEntry> data){
clear();
if(data!= null){
addAll(data);
}
}
@Override
public View getView( int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
View view;
if(convertView== null){
view=mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item_icon_text, parent, false);
} else{
view=convertView;
}
AppEntry item=getItem(position);
((ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.icon)).setImageDrawable(item.getIcon());
((TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text)).setText(item.getLable());
return view;
}
}
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
public AppListAdapter(Context context) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
super(context, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2);
mInflater=(LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public void setData(List<AppEntry> data){
clear();
if(data!= null){
addAll(data);
}
}
@Override
public View getView( int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
View view;
if(convertView== null){
view=mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item_icon_text, parent, false);
} else{
view=convertView;
}
AppEntry item=getItem(position);
((ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.icon)).setImageDrawable(item.getIcon());
((TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text)).setText(item.getLable());
return view;
}
}
在Activity 或者Fragments 里面实现接口:
public static class DetailsFragment extends ListFragment implements OnQueryTextListener,LoaderCallbacks<List<AppEntry>>
实现接口里面的函数:
public
boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return false;
}
public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return false;
}
public Loader<List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry>> onCreateLoader(
int id, Bundle args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new AppListLoader(getActivity());
}
/**
* Load 完成后
*/
public void onLoadFinished(
Loader<List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry>> arg0,
List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry> arg1) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
mAdapter.setData(arg1);
if (isResumed()) {
setListShown( true);
} else {
setListShownNoAnimation( true);
}
}
/**
* Loader 重置时
*/
public void onLoaderReset(
Loader<List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry>> arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
mAdapter.setData( null); }
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return false;
}
public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return false;
}
public Loader<List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry>> onCreateLoader(
int id, Bundle args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new AppListLoader(getActivity());
}
/**
* Load 完成后
*/
public void onLoadFinished(
Loader<List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry>> arg0,
List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry> arg1) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
mAdapter.setData(arg1);
if (isResumed()) {
setListShown( true);
} else {
setListShownNoAnimation( true);
}
}
/**
* Loader 重置时
*/
public void onLoaderReset(
Loader<List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry>> arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
mAdapter.setData( null); }
得到LoaderManager初始化Loader,启动加载在Fragment 的onActivityCreated回调方法上添加,本DEMO的DetailsFragment类添加:
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter = new AppListAdapter(getActivity());
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
// Start out with a progress indicator.
setListShown( false);
// Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
// or start a new one.
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this); }
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter = new AppListAdapter(getActivity());
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
// Start out with a progress indicator.
setListShown( false);
// Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
// or start a new one.
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this); }
总结
Loader的使用分为以下几个步骤:
- 实现自己的异步Loader ,如本篇的AsyncTaskLoader或者CursorLoader或者自己继承Loader,第二步需要用到这个Loader
- 创建数据源->public static class AppListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<AppEntry>
- 在Activity 或者Fragments 上实现OnQueryTextListener,LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks接口
- 在onCreateLoader里面返回Loader,在onLoadfinished里面做清除动作,在onQueryTextChange或者onQueryTextSubmit改变数据源,在onCreate里面让Loader去执行请求数据getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);