在
Java加密技术(七)
中,我们模拟了一个基于RSA非对称加密网络的安全通信。现在我们深度了解一下现有的安全网络通信——SSL。
我们需要构建一个由CA机构签发的有效证书,这里我们使用上文中生成的自签名证书 zlex.cer
这里,我们将证书导入到我们的密钥库。
其中
-import表示 导入
-alias指定别名,这里是 www.zlex.org
-file指定算法,这里是 d:/zlex.cer
-keystore指定秘钥库存储位置,这里是 d:/zlex111.keystore 这是一个私钥,我们后续会将它配置到tomcat中
在这里我使用的密码为123456
控制台输出:
或者通过 Java加密技术(七)的文章用
现在,配置tomcat。先将 zlex.keystore 拷贝到tomcat的conf目录下,然后配置 server.xml 。将如下内容加入配置文件
接着上篇内容,给出如下代码实现:
增加了 configSSLSocketFactory 方法供外界调用,该方法为HttpsURLConnection配置了SSLSocketFactory。当HttpsURLConnection配置了SSLSocketFactory后,我们就可以通过HttpsURLConnection的getInputStream、getOutputStream,像往常使用HttpURLConnection做操作了。尤其要说明一点,未配置SSLSocketFactory前,HttpsURLConnection的getContentLength()获得值永远都是 -1 。
给出相应测试类:
注意 testHttps 方法,几乎和我们往常做HTTP访问没有差别,我们来看控制台输出:
通过浏览器直接访问 https://www.zlex.org/examples/ 你也会获得上述内容。也就是说应用甲方作为服务器构建tomcat服务,乙方可以通过上述方式访问甲方受保护的SSL应用,并且不需要考虑具体的加密解密问题。甲乙双方可以经过相应配置,通过双方的tomcat配置有效的SSL服务,简化上述代码实现,完全通过证书配置完成SSL双向认证!
我们需要构建一个由CA机构签发的有效证书,这里我们使用上文中生成的自签名证书 zlex.cer
这里,我们将证书导入到我们的密钥库。
- keytool -import -alias www.zlex.org -file d:/zlex.cer -keystore d:/zlex111.keystore
其中
-import表示 导入
-alias指定别名,这里是 www.zlex.org
-file指定算法,这里是 d:/zlex.cer
-keystore指定秘钥库存储位置,这里是 d:/zlex111.keystore 这是一个私钥,我们后续会将它配置到tomcat中
在这里我使用的密码为123456
控制台输出:
- 输入keystore密码:
- 再次输入新密码:
- 所有者:CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN
- 签发人:CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN
- 序列号:4a1e48df
- 有效期: Thu May 28 16:18:39 CST 2009 至Wed Aug 26 16:18:39 CST 2009
- 证书指纹:
- MD5:19:CA:E6:36:E2:DF:AD:96:31:97:2F:A9:AD:FC:37:6A
- SHA1:49:88:30:59:29:45:F1:69:CA:97:A9:6D:8A:CF:08:D2:C3:D5:C0:C4
- 签名算法名称:SHA1withRSA
- 版本: 3
- 信任这个认证? [否]: y
- 认证已添加至keystore中
或者通过 Java加密技术(七)的文章用
- keytool -genkey -validity 36000 -alias www.zlex.org -keyalg RSA -keystore d:\zlex111.keystore
直接生成秘钥库。然后们后续会将它配置到tomcat中
OK,最复杂的准备工作已经完成。
。现在,配置tomcat。先将 zlex.keystore 拷贝到tomcat的conf目录下,然后配置 server.xml 。将如下内容加入配置文件
- <Connector
- SSLEnabled="true"
- URIEncoding="UTF-8"
- clientAuth="false"
- keystoreFile="conf/zlex.keystore"
- keystorePass="123456"
- maxThreads="150"
- port="443"
- protocol="HTTP/1.1"
- scheme="https"
- secure="true"
- sslProtocol="TLS" />
注意 clientAuth="false"测试阶段,置为 false,是单向认证。正式使用时建议使用 true。
tomcat默认的是8443,需要用https://127.0.0.1:8443访问,我们改成443也是https的默认端口,这时用https://127.0.0.1/。现在启动tomcat,访问https://127.0.0.1/。ie会显示:
点击"继续浏览此网站",会出现:
显然,证书未能通过认证,这个时候你可以选择安装证书(上文中的 zlex.cer文件就是证书),将它安装在" 受信任的根证书颁发机构“中,下面是操作流程。
操作中注意事项:
1.导入流程:
2.在详细信息中可以把证书下载到本地
3.我们导入后发现还是没有验证通过,这是因为我们使用的是localhost或是ip地址,这是不可以的,需要使用的是:
中你原来写证书时候使用者CN对应的值,这个最好是域名。所以我们在host文件中配置"127.0.0.1 www.zlex.org"映射。
再次重启浏览器,访问https://www.zlex.org/,你会看到地址栏中会有个小锁 ,就说明安装成功。所有的浏览器联网操作已经在RSA加密解密系统的保护之下了。但似乎我们感受不到。
接着上篇内容,给出如下代码实现:
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.security.KeyStore;
- import java.security.PrivateKey;
- import java.security.PublicKey;
- import java.security.Signature;
- import java.security.cert.Certificate;
- import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
- import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
- import java.util.Date;
- import javax.crypto.Cipher;
- import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
- import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
- import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
- import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
- import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
- /**
- * 证书组件
- *
- * @author 梁栋
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public abstract class CertificateCoder extends Coder {
- /**
- * Java密钥库(Java Key Store,JKS)KEY_STORE
- */
- public static final String KEY_STORE = "JKS";
- public static final String X509 = "X.509";
- public static final String SunX509 = "SunX509";
- public static final String SSL = "SSL";
- /**
- * 由KeyStore获得私钥
- *
- * @param keyStorePath
- * @param alias
- * @param password
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String keyStorePath, String alias,
- String password) throws Exception {
- KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);
- PrivateKey key = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, password.toCharArray());
- return key;
- }
- /**
- * 由Certificate获得公钥
- *
- * @param certificatePath
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static PublicKey getPublicKey(String certificatePath)
- throws Exception {
- Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath);
- PublicKey key = certificate.getPublicKey();
- return key;
- }
- /**
- * 获得Certificate
- *
- * @param certificatePath
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static Certificate getCertificate(String certificatePath)
- throws Exception {
- CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory
- .getInstance(X509);
- FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(certificatePath);
- Certificate certificate = certificateFactory.generateCertificate(in);
- in.close();
- return certificate;
- }
- /**
- * 获得Certificate
- *
- * @param keyStorePath
- * @param alias
- * @param password
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static Certificate getCertificate(String keyStorePath,
- String alias, String password) throws Exception {
- KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);
- Certificate certificate = ks.getCertificate(alias);
- return certificate;
- }
- /**
- * 获得KeyStore
- *
- * @param keyStorePath
- * @param password
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static KeyStore getKeyStore(String keyStorePath, String password)
- throws Exception {
- FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(keyStorePath);
- KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE);
- ks.load(is, password.toCharArray());
- is.close();
- return ks;
- }
- /**
- * 私钥加密
- *
- * @param data
- * @param keyStorePath
- * @param alias
- * @param password
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath,
- String alias, String password) throws Exception {
- // 取得私钥
- PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, alias, password);
- // 对数据加密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm());
- cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
- /**
- * 私钥解密
- *
- * @param data
- * @param keyStorePath
- * @param alias
- * @param password
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath,
- String alias, String password) throws Exception {
- // 取得私钥
- PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, alias, password);
- // 对数据加密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm());
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
- /**
- * 公钥加密
- *
- * @param data
- * @param certificatePath
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath)
- throws Exception {
- // 取得公钥
- PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath);
- // 对数据加密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm());
- cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
- /**
- * 公钥解密
- *
- * @param data
- * @param certificatePath
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath)
- throws Exception {
- // 取得公钥
- PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath);
- // 对数据加密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm());
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
- /**
- * 验证Certificate
- *
- * @param certificatePath
- * @return
- */
- public static boolean verifyCertificate(String certificatePath) {
- return verifyCertificate(new Date(), certificatePath);
- }
- /**
- * 验证Certificate是否过期或无效
- *
- * @param date
- * @param certificatePath
- * @return
- */
- public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String certificatePath) {
- boolean status = true;
- try {
- // 取得证书
- Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath);
- // 验证证书是否过期或无效
- status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- status = false;
- }
- return status;
- }
- /**
- * 验证证书是否过期或无效
- *
- * @param date
- * @param certificate
- * @return
- */
- private static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, Certificate certificate) {
- boolean status = true;
- try {
- X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) certificate;
- x509Certificate.checkValidity(date);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- status = false;
- }
- return status;
- }
- /**
- * 签名
- *
- * @param keyStorePath
- * @param alias
- * @param password
- *
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String sign(byte[] sign, String keyStorePath, String alias,
- String password) throws Exception {
- // 获得证书
- X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate(
- keyStorePath, alias, password);
- // 获取私钥
- KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);
- // 取得私钥
- PrivateKey privateKey = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, password
- .toCharArray());
- // 构建签名
- Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate
- .getSigAlgName());
- signature.initSign(privateKey);
- signature.update(sign);
- return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
- }
- /**
- * 验证签名
- *
- * @param data
- * @param sign
- * @param certificatePath
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String sign,
- String certificatePath) throws Exception {
- // 获得证书
- X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate(certificatePath);
- // 获得公钥
- PublicKey publicKey = x509Certificate.getPublicKey();
- // 构建签名
- Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate
- .getSigAlgName());
- signature.initVerify(publicKey);
- signature.update(data);
- return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
- }
- /**
- * 验证Certificate
- *
- * @param keyStorePath
- * @param alias
- * @param password
- * @return
- */
- public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String keyStorePath,
- String alias, String password) {
- boolean status = true;
- try {
- Certificate certificate = getCertificate(keyStorePath, alias,
- password);
- status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- status = false;
- }
- return status;
- }
- /**
- * 验证Certificate
- *
- * @param keyStorePath
- * @param alias
- * @param password
- * @return
- */
- public static boolean verifyCertificate(String keyStorePath, String alias,
- String password) {
- return verifyCertificate(new Date(), keyStorePath, alias, password);
- }
- /**
- * 获得SSLSocektFactory
- *
- * @param password
- * 密码
- * @param keyStorePath
- * 密钥库路径
- *
- * @param trustKeyStorePath
- * 信任库路径
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static SSLSocketFactory getSSLSocketFactory(String password,
- String keyStorePath, String trustKeyStorePath) throws Exception {
- // 初始化密钥库
- KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory
- .getInstance(SunX509);
- KeyStore keyStore = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password);
- keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, password.toCharArray());
- // 初始化信任库
- TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory
- .getInstance(SunX509);
- KeyStore trustkeyStore = getKeyStore(trustKeyStorePath, password);
- trustManagerFactory.init(trustkeyStore);
- // 初始化SSL上下文
- SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance(SSL);
- ctx.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), trustManagerFactory
- .getTrustManagers(), null);
- SSLSocketFactory sf = ctx.getSocketFactory();
- return sf;
- }
- /**
- * 为HttpsURLConnection配置SSLSocketFactory
- *
- * @param conn
- * HttpsURLConnection
- * @param password
- * 密码
- * @param keyStorePath
- * 密钥库路径
- *
- * @param trustKeyStorePath
- * 信任库路径
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void configSSLSocketFactory(HttpsURLConnection conn,
- String password, String keyStorePath, String trustKeyStorePath)
- throws Exception {
- conn.setSSLSocketFactory(getSSLSocketFactory(password, keyStorePath,
- trustKeyStorePath));
- }
- }
增加了 configSSLSocketFactory 方法供外界调用,该方法为HttpsURLConnection配置了SSLSocketFactory。当HttpsURLConnection配置了SSLSocketFactory后,我们就可以通过HttpsURLConnection的getInputStream、getOutputStream,像往常使用HttpURLConnection做操作了。尤其要说明一点,未配置SSLSocketFactory前,HttpsURLConnection的getContentLength()获得值永远都是 -1 。
给出相应测试类:
- import static org.junit.Assert.*;
- import java.io.DataInputStream;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.net.URL;
- import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
- import org.junit.Test;
- /**
- *
- * @author 梁栋
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public class CertificateCoderTest {
- private String password = "123456";
- private String alias = "www.zlex.org";
- private String certificatePath = "d:/zlex.cer";
- private String keyStorePath = "d:/zlex.keystore";
- private String clientKeyStorePath = "d:/zlex-client.keystore";
- private String clientPassword = "654321";
- @Test
- public void test() throws Exception {
- System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");
- String inputStr = "Ceritifcate";
- byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();
- byte[] encrypt = CertificateCoder.encryptByPublicKey(data,
- certificatePath);
- byte[] decrypt = CertificateCoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encrypt,
- keyStorePath, alias, password);
- String outputStr = new String(decrypt);
- System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
- // 验证数据一致
- assertArrayEquals(data, decrypt);
- // 验证证书有效
- assertTrue(CertificateCoder.verifyCertificate(certificatePath));
- }
- @Test
- public void testSign() throws Exception {
- System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密");
- String inputStr = "sign";
- byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();
- byte[] encodedData = CertificateCoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data,
- keyStorePath, alias, password);
- byte[] decodedData = CertificateCoder.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData,
- certificatePath);
- String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
- System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
- assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
- System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");
- // 产生签名
- String sign = CertificateCoder.sign(encodedData, keyStorePath, alias,
- password);
- System.err.println("签名:\r" + sign);
- // 验证签名
- boolean status = CertificateCoder.verify(encodedData, sign,
- certificatePath);
- System.err.println("状态:\r" + status);
- assertTrue(status);
- }
- @Test
- public void testHttps() throws Exception {
- URL url = new URL("https://www.zlex.org/examples/");
- HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- conn.setDoInput(true);
- conn.setDoOutput(true);
- CertificateCoder.configSSLSocketFactory(conn, clientPassword,
- clientKeyStorePath, clientKeyStorePath);
- InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
- int length = conn.getContentLength();
- DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(is);
- byte[] data = new byte[length];
- dis.readFully(data);
- dis.close();
- System.err.println(new String(data));
- conn.disconnect();
- }
- }
注意 testHttps 方法,几乎和我们往常做HTTP访问没有差别,我们来看控制台输出:
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- <P>
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- </ul>
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通过浏览器直接访问 https://www.zlex.org/examples/ 你也会获得上述内容。也就是说应用甲方作为服务器构建tomcat服务,乙方可以通过上述方式访问甲方受保护的SSL应用,并且不需要考虑具体的加密解密问题。甲乙双方可以经过相应配置,通过双方的tomcat配置有效的SSL服务,简化上述代码实现,完全通过证书配置完成SSL双向认证!
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a6558229767b87df3caca2cbd544f611.gif)