JavaScript精炼——functions中的“this”

原文链接：http://dbear.iteye.com/blog/609090

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   首先我们需要知道，function的invoke方式主要有三种：1、单纯调用 2、作为某对象的method被调用 3、apply()和call()调用。针对三种不同的invoke方式，"this"拥有不同的指向：当function被作为单纯的function启动时，那么“this”指向的是global object；当function是某个object的method，并由该object作为方法来启动时，“this”指向调用该function的那个object；使用apply()和call()方法调用时，function中的"this"指向的是这两个方法中的作为第一个参数的那个对象。

1. ordinary invoke

var testVar = 20;
function test() {
   var testVar = 40;
   document.write (this.testVar);  // 20 is printed，"this" refers to global object
}
test();  

2. method invoke

var testVar = 20;
function test() {
  var testVar = 30;
  var o = {testVar: 60,
                methodFunc: function(){
     this.testVar = 70;     //when the function invoked, “this” refers to o
       }};
  o.methodFunc();
  document.write(testVar + "<br>");              //print 30
  document.write(o.testVar + "<br>");           //print 70, property of o has been changed
  document.write(this.testVar + "<br>");       //print 20, property of global object remains as
}

test();

3. nested function in a method---ordinary invoke

var testVar = 20;
function test5() {
  var testVar = 30;
  var o = {testVar: 60,
  methodFunc: function(){
         this.testVar = 70;   
         (function(){
                 this.testVar = 40;
          })();
 }};
  o.methodFunc();
  document.write(testVar + "<br>");   //30 
  document.write(o.testVar + "<br>");  //70, this refers to object o
  document.write(this.testVar + "<br>"); //40, this refers to global object !!!!Confusing ha? But it's true!!!
}

test5()

4. invoked by call() and apply()

function bindedFunc() {
   this.testVar = 40;
}

function test() {
   var testVar = 20;
   var o = {testVar: 30};
   bindedFunc.apply(o);
   document.write(o.testVar) //prints 40
}

test();