1修饰方法
如下
public synchronized void method(){ // todo}
or
public void method(){synchronized(this) {// todo }}
2修饰一个代码块
1.一个线程访问一个对象中的synchronized(this)同步代码块时,其他试图访问该对象的线程将被阻塞
2.当一个线程访问对象的一个synchronized(this)同步代码块时,另一个线程仍然可以访问该对象中的非synchronized(this)同步代码块
public void run() {
synchronized(this) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++));
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
3指定要给某个对象加锁
'当有一个明确的对象作为锁时'
/**
* 银行账户类
*/
class Account {
String name;
float amount;
public Account(String name, float amount) {
this.name = name;
this.amount = amount;
}
//存钱
public void deposit(float amt) {
amount += amt;
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//取钱
public void withdraw(float amt) {
amount -= amt;
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public float getBalance() {
return amount;
}
}
/**
* 账户操作类
*/
class AccountOperator implements Runnable{
private Account account;
public AccountOperator(Account account) {
this.account = account;
}
public void run() {
synchronized (account) {
account.deposit(500);
account.withdraw(500);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + account.getBalance());
}
}
}
public class Demo00{
//public static final Object signal = new Object(); // 线程间通信变量
//将account改为Demo00.signal也能实现线程同步
public static void main(String args[]){
Account account = new Account("zhang san", 10000.0f);
AccountOperator accountOperator = new AccountOperator(account);
final int THREAD_NUM = 5;
Thread threads[] = new Thread[THREAD_NUM];
for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; i ++) {
threads[i] = new Thread(accountOperator, "Thread" + i);
threads[i].start();
}
}
}
"当没有明确的对象作为锁,只是想让一段代码同步时,可以创建一个特殊的对象来充当锁"
class Test implements Runnable
{
private byte[] lock = new byte[0]; // 特殊的instance变量
public void method()
{
synchronized(lock) {
// todo 同步代码块
}
}
public void run() {
}
}
4修饰一个静态的方法
"静态方法是属于类的而不属于对象的。同样的,synchronized修饰的静态方法锁定的是这个类的所有对象"
public synchronized static void method() {
// todo
}
class SyncThread implements Runnable {
private static int count;
public SyncThread() {
count = 0;
}
public synchronized static void method() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++));
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public synchronized void run() {
method();
}
}
public class Demo00{
public static void main(String args[]){
SyncThread syncThread1 = new SyncThread();
SyncThread syncThread2 = new SyncThread();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(syncThread1, "SyncThread1");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(syncThread2, "SyncThread2");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
5修饰一个静态的方法
Synchronized还可作用于一个类
class ClassName {
public void method() {
synchronized(ClassName.class) {
// todo
}
}
}
/**
* 同步线程
*/
class SyncThread implements Runnable {
private static int count;
public SyncThread() {
count = 0;
}
public static void method() {
synchronized(SyncThread.class) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++));
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public synchronized void run() {
method();
}
}