Spring Boot最常用的3种读取properties配置文件中数据的方法：

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1、使用@Value注解读取

读取properties配置文件时，默认读取的是application.properties。

application.properties：

    demo.name=Name
    demo.age=18

Java代码：

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
     
    @RestController
    public class GatewayController {
     
        @Value("${demo.name}")
        private String name;
     
        @Value("${demo.age}")
        private String age;
     
        @RequestMapping(value = "/gateway")
        public String gateway() {
            return "get properties value by ''@Value'' :" +
                    //1、使用@Value注解读取
                    " name=" + name +
                    " , age=" + age;
        }
    }

运行结果如下：

这里，如果要把

 @Value("${demo.name}")
            private String name;
            @Value("${demo.age}")
            private String age;

部分放到一个单独的类A中进行读取，然后在类B中调用，则要把类A增加@Component注解，并在类B中使用@Autowired自动装配类A，代码如下。

类A：

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component
    public class ConfigBeanValue {
     
        @Value("${demo.name}")
        public String name;
     
        @Value("${demo.age}")
        public String age;
    }

类B：

    import cn.wbnull.springbootdemo.config.ConfigBeanValue;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
     
    @RestController
    public class GatewayController {
     
        @Autowired
        private ConfigBeanValue configBeanValue;
     
        @RequestMapping(value = "/gateway")
        public String gateway() {
            return "get properties value by ''@Value'' :" +
                    //1、使用@Value注解读取
                    " name=" + configBeanValue.name +
                    " , age=" + configBeanValue.age;
        }
    }

运行结果如下：

注意：如果@Value${}所包含的键名在application.properties配置文件中不存在的话，会抛出异常：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'configBeanValue': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not resolve placeholder 'demo.name' in value "${demo.name}"

 
2、使用Environment读取

application.properties：

    demo.sex=男
    demo.address=山东

Java代码：

    import cn.wbnull.springbootdemo.config.ConfigBeanValue;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
     
    @RestController
    public class GatewayController {
     
        @Autowired
        private ConfigBeanValue configBeanValue;
     
        @Autowired
        private Environment environment;
     
        @RequestMapping(value = "/gateway")
        public String gateway() {
            return "get properties value by ''@Value'' :" +
                    //1、使用@Value注解读取
                    " name=" + configBeanValue.name +
                    " , age=" + configBeanValue.age +
                    "<p>get properties value by ''Environment'' :" +
                    //2、使用Environment读取
                    " , sex=" + environment.getProperty("demo.sex") +
                    " , address=" + environment.getProperty("demo.address");
        }
    }

运行，发现中文乱码：

这里，我们在application.properties做如下配置：

    server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8
    spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8
    spring.http.encoding.enabled=true
    spring.http.encoding.force=true
    spring.messages.encoding=UTF-8

然后修改IntelliJ IDEA，File --> Settings --> Editor --> File Encodings ，将最下方Default encoding for properties files设置为UTF-8，并勾选Transparent native-to-ascii conversion。

重新运行结果如下：

 
3、使用@ConfigurationProperties注解读取

在实际项目中，当项目需要注入的变量值很多时，上述所述的两种方法工作量会变得比较大，这时候我们通常使用基于类型安全的配置方式，将properties属性和一个Bean关联在一起，即使用注解@ConfigurationProperties读取配置文件数据。

在src\main\resources下新建config.properties配置文件：

    demo.phone=10086
    demo.wife=self

创建ConfigBeanProp并注入config.properties中的值：

    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "demo")
    @PropertySource(value = "config.properties")
    public class ConfigBeanProp {
     
        private String phone;
     
        private String wife;
     
        public String getPhone() {
            return phone;
        }
     
        public void setPhone(String phone) {
            this.phone = phone;
        }
     
        public String getWife() {
            return wife;
        }
     
        public void setWife(String wife) {
            this.wife = wife;
        }
    }

@Component 表示将该类标识为Bean

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "demo")用于绑定属性，其中prefix表示所绑定的属性的前缀。

@PropertySource(value = "config.properties")表示配置文件路径。

 

使用时，先使用@Autowired自动装载ConfigBeanProp，然后再进行取值，示例如下：

    import cn.wbnull.springbootdemo.config.ConfigBeanProp;
    import cn.wbnull.springbootdemo.config.ConfigBeanValue;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
     
    @RestController
    public class GatewayController {
     
        @Autowired
        private ConfigBeanValue configBeanValue;
     
        @Autowired
        private Environment environment;
     
        @Autowired
        private ConfigBeanProp configBeanProp;
     
        @RequestMapping(value = "/gateway")
        public String gateway() {
            return "get properties value by ''@Value'' :" +
                    //1、使用@Value注解读取
                    " name=" + configBeanValue.name +
                    " , age=" + configBeanValue.age +
                    "<p>get properties value by ''Environment'' :" +
                    //2、使用Environment读取
                    " sex=" + environment.getProperty("demo.sex") +
                    " , address=" + environment.getProperty("demo.address") +
                    "<p>get properties value by ''@ConfigurationProperties'' :" +
                    //3、使用@ConfigurationProperties注解读取
                    " phone=" + configBeanProp.getPhone() +
                    " , wife=" + configBeanProp.getWife();
        }
    }

运行结果如下：