本文将介绍JDK中的Logging API在Java程序中的使用,并在后面附带了一个创建HTML logger的例子
目录
-
概述
-
-
Java中的Logging
最佳实践
样例
与讨论
文章
1. Overview
JDK中有Java Logging API。通过logger您不仅可以将日志信息集中到一个文件中来报告错误,而且可以在日志中添加辅助信息。这个Logging API允许您充分定制,十分灵活。
包 java.util.logging提供了日志的功能,可以使用类似于下面的代码来创建一个logger:
import java.util.logging.Logger;
private final static Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(MyClass.class .getName());
1.3. Level
Log的等级反映了问题的严重程度。Level类用于决定哪些信息被写入到log中。下面是一个按严重程度的降序排列的Log Level:
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SEVERE (highest)
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WARNING
-
INFO
-
CONFIG
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FINE
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FINER
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FINEST
除此之外,您还可以使用OFF或ALL这两个level来关闭log或打开所有log。
下面这行代码是将logger设置为记录INFO级别:
LOGGER.setLevel(Level.INFO);
1.4. Handler
每个logger可以设置多个Handler。
Handler的作用是接收logger的信息,并将其以合适的格式发送到合适的地方。
一个Handler可以用setLevel(Level.OFF)来关闭,用setLevel(...)开启。
JDK提供了几个标准的handler,例如:
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ConsoleHandler: 将log信息写到Console
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FileHandler: 将log信息写到文件中
超过INFO(包含INFO)的信息将自动被写入到Console中。
1.5. Formatter
每个Handler的输出都可以使用一个formatter来配置
已有的formatter:
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SimpleFormatter 将所有的log信息以文本格式编排
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XMLFormatter 生成XML格式的log信息
您还可以自定义Formatter,下面的这个示例Formatter可以将log信息用html的格式包装:
package logging;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.logging.Formatter;
import java.util.logging.Handler;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
//This custom formatter formats parts of a log record to a single line
class MyHtmlFormatter extends Formatter
{
// This method is called for every log records
public String format(LogRecord rec)
{
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(1000);
// Bold any levels >= WARNING
buf.append("<tr>");
buf.append("<td>");
if (rec.getLevel().intValue() >= Level.WARNING.intValue())
{
buf.append("<b>");
buf.append(rec.getLevel());
buf.append("</b>");
} else
{
buf.append(rec.getLevel());
}
buf.append("</td>");
buf.append("<td>");
buf.append(calcDate(rec.getMillis()));
buf.append(' ');
buf.append(formatMessage(rec));
buf.append('\n');
buf.append("<td>");
buf.append("</tr>\n");
return buf.toString();
}
private String calcDate(long millisecs)
{
SimpleDateFormat date_format = new SimpleDateFormat("MMM dd,yyyy HH:mm");
Date resultdate = new Date(millisecs);
return date_format.format(resultdate);
}
// This method is called just after the handler using this
// formatter is created
public String getHead(Handler h)
{
return "<HTML>\n<HEAD>\n" + (new Date()) + "\n</HEAD>\n<BODY>\n<PRE>\n"
+ "<table border>\n "
+ "<tr><th>Time</th><th>Log Message</th></tr>\n";
}
// This method is called just after the handler using this
// formatter is closed
public String getTail(Handler h)
{
return "</table>\n </PRE></BODY>\n</HTML>\n";
}
}
1.6. Log Manager
log manager的职责是创建和管理logger,并负责维护log配置。
使用LogManager.setLevel(String name, Level level)方法,我们可以为一个包或一组包设置logging level。例如,我们可以将所有logger的logging level设为Level.FINE:
LogManager.getLogManager().setLevel("logging", Level.FINE)
1.7. Best Practices
使用被logged的那个类的名称为logger命名是一种很好的方法,这种方法可以使程序员更好地查看日志和管理logger,同时,这也是Logging API推荐的一种方式。
2. 示例
package logging;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.logging.Formatter;
import java.util.logging.Handler;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
//This custom formatter formats parts of a log record to a single line
class MyHtmlFormatter extends Formatter
{
// This method is called for every log records
public String format(LogRecord rec)
{
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(1000);
// Bold any levels >= WARNING
buf.append("<tr>");
buf.append("<td>");
if (rec.getLevel().intValue() >= Level.WARNING.intValue())
{
buf.append("<b>");
buf.append(rec.getLevel());
buf.append("</b>");
} else
{
buf.append(rec.getLevel());
}
buf.append("</td>");
buf.append("<td>");
buf.append(calcDate(rec.getMillis()));
buf.append(' ');
buf.append(formatMessage(rec));
buf.append('\n');
buf.append("<td>");
buf.append("</tr>\n");
return buf.toString();
}
private String calcDate(long millisecs)
{
SimpleDateFormat date_format = new SimpleDateFormat("MMM dd,yyyy HH:mm");
Date resultdate = new Date(millisecs);
return date_format.format(resultdate);
}
// This method is called just after the handler using this
// formatter is created
public String getHead(Handler h)
{
return "<HTML>\n<HEAD>\n" + (new Date()) + "\n</HEAD>\n<BODY>\n<PRE>\n"
+ "<table border>\n "
+ "<tr><th>Time</th><th>Log Message</th></tr>\n";
}
// This method is called just after the handler using this
// formatter is closed
public String getTail(Handler h)
{
return "</table>\n </PRE></BODY>\n</HTML>\n";
}
}
初始化logger
package logging;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.logging.FileHandler;
import java.util.logging.Formatter;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter;
public class MyLogger {
static private FileHandler fileTxt;
static private SimpleFormatter formatterTxt;
static private FileHandler fileHTML;
static private Formatter formatterHTML;
static public void setup() throws IOException {
// Create Logger
Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("");
logger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
fileTxt = new FileHandler("Logging.txt");
fileHTML = new FileHandler("Logging.html");
// Create txt Formatter
formatterTxt = new SimpleFormatter();
fileTxt.setFormatter(formatterTxt);
logger.addHandler(fileTxt);
// Create HTML Formatter
formatterHTML = new MyHtmlFormatter();
fileHTML.setFormatter(formatterHTML);
logger.addHandler(fileHTML);
}
}
使用logger
package logging;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class UseLogger {
// Always use the classname, this way you can refactor
private final static Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(UseLogger.class
.getName());
public void writeLog() {
// Set the LogLevel to Severe, only severe Messages will be written
LOGGER.setLevel(Level.SEVERE);
LOGGER.severe("Info Log");
LOGGER.warning("Info Log");
LOGGER.info("Info Log");
LOGGER.finest("Really not important");
// Set the LogLevel to Info, severe, warning and info will be written
// Finest is still not written
LOGGER.setLevel(Level.INFO);
LOGGER.severe("Info Log");
LOGGER.warning("Info Log");
LOGGER.info("Info Log");
LOGGER.finest("Really not important");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
UseLogger logger = new UseLogger();
try {
MyLogger.setup();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("Problems with creating the log files");
}
logger.writeLog();
}
}