工作以来一直在做.NET方面的程序,以前自学的C++和MFC许久未碰了。今天恰逢周末休息,闲来翻看一本MFC的书,对序列化(Serialize)部分又研究了一番。在这次故地重游之旅中,我又再一次赞叹于Microsoft Application Framework小组专家们的聪明才智,为开发人员创造出了一个如此优秀的Framwork。
人们都说,“发表是最好的回忆”,我也不妨在此回忆一番,记录下这“MFC 序列化追忆之旅”。
下面是我写的一个MFC 序列化应用例程。展现了如何将一组CBook类型的对象写入文件以及如何再从文件中读取,使“对象永续(object persistence)”。
Book.h
#include
<
afxwin.h
>
class CBook : public CObject
... {
DECLARE_SERIAL(CBook)
public:
CString m_strName;
CString m_strAuthor;
CString m_strPress;
public:
CBook()
...{
// 要使CBook对象实现序列化,必须定义默认构造函数
}
CBook(CString strName, CString strAuthor, CString strPress)
...{
m_strName = strName; // 书名
m_strAuthor = strAuthor; // 作者
m_strPress = strPress; // 出版社
}
void Serialize(CArchive &); // 重载基类的Serialize函数
} ;
class CBook : public CObject
... {
DECLARE_SERIAL(CBook)
public:
CString m_strName;
CString m_strAuthor;
CString m_strPress;
public:
CBook()
...{
// 要使CBook对象实现序列化,必须定义默认构造函数
}
CBook(CString strName, CString strAuthor, CString strPress)
...{
m_strName = strName; // 书名
m_strAuthor = strAuthor; // 作者
m_strPress = strPress; // 出版社
}
void Serialize(CArchive &); // 重载基类的Serialize函数
} ;
Book.cpp
#include
"
Book.h
"
IMPLEMENT_SERIAL(CBook, CObject, 1 )
void CBook::Serialize(CArchive & ar)
... {
CObject::Serialize(ar);
if(ar.IsStoring())
...{
ar << m_strName << m_strAuthor << m_strPress;
}
else
...{
ar >> m_strName >> m_strAuthor >> m_strPress;
}
}
IMPLEMENT_SERIAL(CBook, CObject, 1 )
void CBook::Serialize(CArchive & ar)
... {
CObject::Serialize(ar);
if(ar.IsStoring())
...{
ar << m_strName << m_strAuthor << m_strPress;
}
else
...{
ar >> m_strName >> m_strAuthor >> m_strPress;
}
}
主程序
CBook book1(
"
Programming Windows
"
,
"
Charles Petzold
"
,
"
Microsoft Press
"
);
CBook book2( " Programming Windows with MFC " , " Jeff Prosise " , " Microsoft Press " );
int nCount = 2 ;
// 序列化
CFile fileStore(_T( " mybooks.dat " ), CFile::modeWrite | CFile::modeCreate);
CArchive arStore( & fileStore, CArchive::store);
CBook * pBooksStore[ 2 ] = ... { &book1, &book2 } ;
arStore << nCount;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < nCount; ++ i)
... {
arStore << pBooksStore[i];
}
fileStore.Close();
// 反序列化
CFile fileLoad(_T( " mybooks.dat " ), CFile::modeRead);
CArchive arLoad( & fileLoad, CArchive::load);
arLoad >> nCount;
CBook * pBooksLoad = new CBook[nCount];
for ( int i = 0 ; i < nCount; ++ i)
... {
arLoad >> pBooksLoad[i];
}
fileLoad.Close();
CBook book2( " Programming Windows with MFC " , " Jeff Prosise " , " Microsoft Press " );
int nCount = 2 ;
// 序列化
CFile fileStore(_T( " mybooks.dat " ), CFile::modeWrite | CFile::modeCreate);
CArchive arStore( & fileStore, CArchive::store);
CBook * pBooksStore[ 2 ] = ... { &book1, &book2 } ;
arStore << nCount;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < nCount; ++ i)
... {
arStore << pBooksStore[i];
}
fileStore.Close();
// 反序列化
CFile fileLoad(_T( " mybooks.dat " ), CFile::modeRead);
CArchive arLoad( & fileLoad, CArchive::load);
arLoad >> nCount;
CBook * pBooksLoad = new CBook[nCount];
for ( int i = 0 ; i < nCount; ++ i)
... {
arLoad >> pBooksLoad[i];
}
fileLoad.Close();
MFC序列化注意事项:
- 要想使某一类型能被序列化,在它的类型声明文件(头文件,Book.h)和类型定义文件(Book.cpp)中要分别使用DECLARE_SERIAL和IMPLEMENT_SERIAL宏。
- 能被序列化的只能是指针型,不能是值型(pBooksStore数组中包含的就是两个CBook类型的指针)。