常用的Struts 2.0的标志（Tag）介绍
在上一篇文章《
为Struts 2.0做好准备》中，我过于详细地介绍了Struts 2.0开发环境和运行环境的配置，所以，本文很少涉及的以上两方面的细节。如果，您看完《
为Struts 2.0做好准备》后，还有什么不明白，或者没法运行文中例子，请联系我。我的E-MAIL：Max.M.Yuan@gmail.com。
在介绍常用标志前，我想先从总体上，对Struts 1.x与Struts 2.0的标志库（Tag Library）作比较。
| Struts 1.x | Struts 2.0 | |
| 分类 | 将标志库按功能分成HTML、Tiles、Logic和Bean等几部分 | 严格上来说，没有分类，所有标志都在URI为“/struts-tags”命名空间下，不过，我们可以从功能上将其分为两大类：非UI标志和UI标志 |
| 表达式语言（expression languages） | 不支持嵌入语言（EL） | OGNL、JSTL、Groovy和Velcity |
好了，我要开始介绍“常用”（这里所谓的“常用”，是指在已往工作中使用Struts里经常用到的）的标志了。
 | 要在JSP中使用Struts 2.0标志，先要指明标志的引入。通过在JSP的代码的顶部加入以下代码可以做到这点。 <%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %> |
- 非UI标志
- if、elseif和else
描述：执行基本的条件流转。参数：
名称 必需 默认 类型 描述 备注 test 是 Boolean 决定标志里内容是否显示的表达式 else标志没有这个参数 id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性 例子：<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %> <% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> <! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" > < html > < head > < title > Condition Flow </ title > </ head > < body > < h3 > Condition Flow </ h3 > <!-- 这里有点小技巧： 本来可以用#parameters.name[0]来获得，请求中name的值。但是，在我实现include例子时， 无论我用param标志给name赋任何值，#parameters里面不会含有任何值，所以#parameters.name也为空值。 其原因为： 当使用include标志时，被包含的页面（included）里#parameters拿到的是包含页面里的请求参数。 因此，这里必须手工调用request.getParameter("name")。 --> < s:set name ="name" value ="<%= " '" + request.getParameter("name") + "'" % > " /> < s:if test ="#name == 'Max'" > Max's file here </ s:if > < s:elseif test ="#name == 'Scott'" > Scott's file here </ s:elseif > < s:else > Other's file here </ s:else > </ body > </ html >例1 condition.jsp - iterator
描述：用于遍历集合（java.util.Collection）或枚举值（java.util.Iterator）。参数：
名称 必需 默认 类型 描述 status 否 String 如果设置此参数，一个IteratorStatus的实例将会压入每个遍历的堆栈 value 否 Object/String 要遍历的可枚举的（iteratable）数据源，或者将放入新列表（List）的对象 id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性 例子：例2 iterator.jsp<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.List" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<% List list = new ArrayList(); list.add("Max"); list.add("Scott"); list.add("Jeffry"); list.add("Joe"); list.add("Kelvin"); request.setAttribute("names", list); %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Iterator</title> </head> <body> <h3>Names: </h3> <!-- 1、此处的空property元素用于获得当前iterator的值 2、status被设成stuts，在iterator的里面就可以通过#stuts取得IteratorStatus的对象。IteratorStatus类包含当前序号信息，如是否第一个或最后一个，是否为奇数序号。这些信息在我们做格式化的时候，显得非常有用。 --> <ol> <s:iterator value="#request.names" status="stuts"> <s:if test="#stuts.odd == true"> <li>White <s:property /></li> </s:if> <s:else> <li style="background-color:gray"><s:property /></li> </s:else> </s:iterator> </ol> </body> </html>
- i18n
描述：加载资源包到值堆栈。它可以允许text标志访问任何资源包的信息，而不只当前action相关联的资源包。参数：
名称 必需 默认 类型 描述 value 是 Object/String 资源包的类路径（如com.xxxx.resources.AppMsg） id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性 例子：HelloWorld = Hello Wrold!例3 classes/ ApplicationMessages.properties<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %> <% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> <! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" > < html > < head > < title > Internationization </ title > </ head > < body > < h3 > < s:i18n name ="ApplicationMessages" > < s:text name ="HelloWorld" /> </ s:i18n > </ h3 > </ body > </ html >例3 i18n.jsp - include
描述：包含一个servlet的输出（servlet或jsp的页面）。参数：
名称 必需 默认 类型 描述 value 是 String 要包含的jsp或servlet id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性 例子：<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %> <% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> <! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" > < html > < head > < title > Iterator </ title > </ head > < body > < h3 > Interator Page </ h3 > < s:include value ="/condition.jsp" > < s:param name ="name" > Max </ s:param > </ s:include > < h3 > i18n </ h3 > < s:include value ="/i18n.jsp" /> </ body > </ html >例4 include.jsp - param
描述：为其他标签提供参数,比如include标签和bean标签. 参数的name属性是可选的,如果提供，会调用Component的方法addParameter(String, Object), 如果不提供，则外层嵌套标签必须实现UnnamedParametric接口(如TextTag)。
value的提供有两种方式,通过value属性或者标签中间的text,不同之处我们看一下例子: < param name = "color" > blue </ param > <!-- (A) -->< param name = "color" value = "blue" /> <!-- (B) --> (A)参数值会以String的格式放入statck. (B)该值会以java.lang.Object的格式放入statck.参数：名称 必需 默认 类型 描述 name 否 String 参数名 value 否 String value表达式 id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性 例子：请参考例4。 - set
描述： set标签赋予变量一个特定范围内的值。当希望给一个变量赋一个复杂的表达式,每次访问该变量而不是复杂的表达式时用到。其在两种情况下非常有用: 复杂的表达式很耗时 (性能提升) 或者很难理解 (代码可读性提高)。参数：
名称 必需 默认 类型 描述 name 是 String 变量名字 scope 否 String 变量作用域,可以为application, session, request, page, 或action. value 否 Object/String 将会赋给变量的值 id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性 例子：请参考例1。 - text
描述：支持国际化信息的标签。国际化信息必须放在一个和当前action同名的resource bundle中,如果没有找到相应message,tag body将被当作默认message,如果没有tag body,message的name会被作为默认message。参数：
名称 必需 默认 类型 描述 name 是 String 资源属性的名字 id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性 例子：请参考例3。 - url
描述：该标签用于创建url,可以通过"param"标签提供request参数。
当includeParams的值时'all'或者'get', param标签中定义的参数将有优先权,也就是说其会覆盖其他同名参数的值。 参数： 略例子：<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %> <% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> <! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" > < html > < head > < title > URL </ title > </ head > < body > < h3 > URL </ h3 > < a href ='<s:url value ="/i18n.jsp" /> '>i18n </ a >< br /> < s:url id ="url" value ="/condition.jsp" > < s:param name ="name" > Max </ s:param > </ s:url > < s:a href ="%{url}" > if/elseif/else </ s:a > </ body > </ html >例5 url.jsp - property
描述：得到'value'的属性,如果value没提供,默认为堆栈顶端的元素。参数：
名称 必需 默认 类型 描述 default 否 String 如果属性是null则显示的default值 escape 否 true Booelean 是否escape HTML value 否 栈顶 Object 要显示的值 id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性 例子：请参考例2。
- if、elseif和else
- UI标志
UI标志又可以分为表单UI和非表单UI两部分。表单UI部分基本与Struts 1.x相同，都是对HTML表单元素的包装。不过，Struts 2.0加了几个我们经常在项目中用到的控件如：datepicker、doubleselect、timepicker、optiontransferselect等。因为这些标志很多都经常用到，而且参数也很多，要在一篇文章详细说明并非易事。
需要深入了解这些标志的朋友，可以到以下查看以下网址： http://wiki.javascud.org/display/ww2cndoc/Tags WebWork2文档中文化计划（中文） http://cwiki.apache.org/WW/tag-reference.html Tag Developers Guide（英文）本文有相当的内容也来自这两处。 在此，我虽然不能够详细讲述这些标志，但是可以与大家分享一个来Struts 2.0 Show Case一个例子。例6 org.apache.struts2.showcase.UITagExample.java
/**/
/* 
* $Id: UITagExample.java 420385 2006-07-10 00:57:05Z mrdon $ * * Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. 
*/
package
org.apache.struts2.showcase;
import
org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.Validateable;
import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.OgnlValueStack;
import
java.util.ArrayList;
import
java.util.Collections;
import
java.util.Date;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
java.util.List;
import
java.util.Map;
import
java.io.File;
/** */
/** */
public
class
UITagExample
extends
ActionSupport
implements
Validateable
{ private static final long serialVersionUID = -94044809860988047L; String name; Date birthday; String bio; String favoriteColor; List friends; boolean legalAge; String state; String region; File picture; String pictureContentType; String pictureFileName; String favouriteLanguage; String favouriteVehicalType = "MotorcycleKey"; String favouriteVehicalSpecific = "YamahaKey"; List leftSideCartoonCharacters; List rightSideCartoonCharacters; List favouriteLanguages = new ArrayList(); List vehicalTypeList = new ArrayList(); Map vehicalSpecificMap = new HashMap(); String thoughts; 
public UITagExample() { favouriteLanguages.add(new Language("EnglishKey", "English Language")); favouriteLanguages.add(new Language("FrenchKey", "French Language")); favouriteLanguages.add(new Language("SpanishKey", "Spanish Language")); VehicalType car = new VehicalType("CarKey", "Car"); VehicalType motorcycle = new VehicalType("MotorcycleKey", "Motorcycle"); vehicalTypeList.add(car); vehicalTypeList.add(motorcycle); List cars = new ArrayList(); cars.add(new VehicalSpecific("MercedesKey", "Mercedes")); cars.add(new VehicalSpecific("HondaKey", "Honda")); cars.add(new VehicalSpecific("FordKey", "Ford")); List motorcycles = new ArrayList(); motorcycles.add(new VehicalSpecific("SuzukiKey", "Suzuki")); motorcycles.add(new VehicalSpecific("YamahaKey", "Yamaha")); vehicalSpecificMap.put(car, cars); vehicalSpecificMap.put(motorcycle, motorcycles); 
} public List getLeftSideCartoonCharacters() { return leftSideCartoonCharacters; } public void setLeftSideCartoonCharacters(List leftSideCartoonCharacters) { this.leftSideCartoonCharacters = leftSideCartoonCharacters; } public List getRightSideCartoonCharacters() { return rightSideCartoonCharacters; } public void setRightSideCartoonCharacters(List rightSideCartoonCharacters) { this.rightSideCartoonCharacters = rightSideCartoonCharacters; } public String getFavouriteVehicalType() { return favouriteVehicalType; } public void setFavouriteVehicalType(String favouriteVehicalType) { this.favouriteVehicalType = favouriteVehicalType; } public String getFavouriteVehicalSpecific() { return favouriteVehicalSpecific; } public void setFavouriteVehicalSpecific(String favouriteVehicalSpecific) { this.favouriteVehicalSpecific = favouriteVehicalSpecific; } public List getVehicalTypeList() { return vehicalTypeList; } public List getVehicalSpecificList() { OgnlValueStack stack = ServletActionContext.getValueStack(ServletActionContext.getRequest()); Object vehicalType = stack.findValue("top"); if (vehicalType != null && vehicalType instanceof VehicalType) { List l = (List) vehicalSpecificMap.get(vehicalType); return l; } return Collections.EMPTY_LIST; } public List getFavouriteLanguages() { return favouriteLanguages; } public String execute() throws Exception { return SUCCESS; } /**//* Getters and Setters */ public String doSubmit() { return SUCCESS; } // === inner class public static class Language { String description; String key; public Language(String key, String description) { this.key = key; this.description = description; } public String getKey() { return key; } public String getDescription() { return description; } } public static class VehicalType { String key; String description; public VehicalType(String key, String description) { this.key = key; this.description = description; } public String getKey() { return this.key; } public String getDescription() { return this.description; } public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (! (obj instanceof VehicalType)) { return false; } else { return key.equals(((VehicalType)obj).getKey()); } } public int hashCode() { return key.hashCode(); } } public static class VehicalSpecific { String key; String description; public VehicalSpecific(String key, String description) { this.key = key; this.description = description; } public String getKey() { return this.key; } public String getDescription() { return this.description; } public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (! (obj instanceof VehicalSpecific)) { return false; } else { return key.equals(((VehicalSpecific)obj).getKey()); } } public int hashCode() { return key.hashCode(); } } }
<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " pageEncoding = " UTF-8 " %> <% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> < html > < head > < title > UI Tags Example </ title > < s:head /> </ head > < body > < s:actionerror /> < s:actionmessage /> < s:fielderror /> < s:form action ="exampleSubmit" method ="post" enctype ="multipart/form-data" tooltipConfig ="#{'jsTooltipEnabled':'true'}" > < s:textfield label ="Name" name ="name" tooltip ="Enter your Name here" /> < s:datepicker tooltip ="Select Your Birthday" label ="Birthday" name ="birthday" /> < s:textarea tooltip ="Enter your Biography" label ="Biograph" name ="bio" cols ="20" rows ="3" /> < s:select tooltip ="Choose Your Favourite Color" label ="Favorite Color" list ="{'Red', 'Blue', 'Green'}" name ="favoriteColor" emptyOption ="true" headerKey ="None" headerValue ="None" /> < s:select tooltip ="Choose Your Favourite Language" label ="Favourite Language" list ="favouriteLanguages" name ="favouriteLanguage" listKey ="key" listValue ="description" emptyOption ="true" headerKey ="None" headerValue ="None" /> < s:checkboxlist tooltip ="Choose your Friends" label ="Friends" list ="{'Patrick', 'Jason', 'Jay', 'Toby', 'Rene'}" name ="friends" /> < s:checkbox tooltip ="Confirmed that your are Over 18" label ="Age 18+" name ="legalAge" /> < s:doubleselect tooltip ="Choose Your State" label ="State" name ="region" list ="{'North', 'South'}" value ="'South'" doubleValue ="'Florida'" doubleList ="top == 'North' ? {'Oregon', 'Washington'} : {'Texas', 'Florida'}" doubleName ="state" headerKey ="-1" headerValue ="---------- Please Select ----------" emptyOption ="true" /> < s:doubleselect tooltip ="Choose your Vehical" label ="Favourite Vehical" name ="favouriteVehicalType" list ="vehicalTypeList" listKey ="key" listValue ="description" value ="'MotorcycleKey'" doubleValue ="'YamahaKey'" doubleList ="vehicalSpecificList" doubleListKey ="key" doubleListValue ="description" doubleName ="favouriteVehicalSpecific" headerKey ="-1" headerValue ="---------- Please Select ----------" emptyOption ="true" /> < s:file tooltip ="Upload Your Picture" label ="Picture" name ="picture" /> < s:optiontransferselect tooltip ="Select Your Favourite Cartoon Characters" label ="Favourite Cartoons Characters" name ="leftSideCartoonCharacters" leftTitle ="Left Title" rightTitle ="Right Title" list ="{'Popeye', 'He-Man', 'Spiderman'}" multiple ="true" headerKey ="headerKey" headerValue ="--- Please Select ---" emptyOption ="true" doubleList ="{'Superman', 'Mickey Mouse', 'Donald Duck'}" doubleName ="rightSideCartoonCharacters" doubleHeaderKey ="doubleHeaderKey" doubleHeaderValue ="--- Please Select ---" doubleEmptyOption ="true" doubleMultiple ="true" /> < s:textarea label ="Your Thougths" name ="thoughts" tooltip ="Enter your thoughts here" /> < s:submit onclick ="alert('aaaa');" /> < s:reset onclick ="alert('bbbb');" /> </ s:form > </ body > </ html >例6 example.jsp< action name ="example" class ="org.apache.struts2.showcase.UITagExample" > < result > example.jsp </ result > < result name ="input" > example.jsp </ result > </ action >例6 struts.xml代码片段
http://johnoyoung.blog.sohu.com/90691910.html http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_51e1d40e0100aadc.html http://blog.21cn.com/johnoyoung/article/51468 http://hi.baidu.com/johnoyoung/blog/item/76c5be6008c1e0da8cb10d00.html http://johnoyoung.bokee.com/viewdiary.32408821.html http://blog.yesky.com/blog/junhay/archive/2008/06/21/1855338.html
167
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
