谈谈对HandlerThread的理解

一.介绍

           HandlerThread继承自Thread，当线程开启时，也就是它run方法运行起来后，线程同时创建了一个含有消息队列的Looper，并对外提供自己这个Looper对象的get方法，这就是它和普通Thread唯一不同的地方。

二.好处

1.开发中如果多次使用类似new Thread(){...}.start()这种方式开启一个子线程，会创建多个匿名线程，使得程序运行起来越来越慢，而HandlerThread自带Looper使他可以通过消息来多次重复使用当前线程，节省开支；

2.android系统提供的Handler类内部的Looper默认绑定的是UI线程的消息队列，对于非UI线程又想使用消息机制，那么HandlerThread内部的Looper是最合适的，它不会干扰或阻塞UI线程。

三.用法

HandlerThread既然本质是Thread，为何前面加了一个Handler？

android中Handler类本质上就是从它内部的Looper中不断取消息，

然后触发它内部的Callback接口的handleMessage方法，让用户去实现对消息的具体处理。而HandlerThread本身自带Looper,只要它实现了Callback接口，那么HandlerThread也可以在自己线程内处理自己线程发出的消息，

充分实现非UI线程中较低开支下的消息处理。

handlerThread = new HandlerThread("AsynTaskThread");
handlerThread.start();
networkHandler = new NetworkHandler(handlerThread.getLooper());

private class NetworkHandler extends Handler {
/**
* 错误3次以上就开始延时重试
*/
private int errorCount = 0;


private NetworkHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}


@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
switch (msg.what) {
case INIT_REQUEST:
loadAllTask();
sendEmptyMessage(NEW_REQUEST);
break;
case NEW_REQUEST:
AsyncProviderTask task = (AsyncProviderTask) msg.obj;
if (task == null) {
try {
task = taskQueue.take();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (task == null)
break;
// 真实发起网络请求
task.send();
if (task.isConnectToSever()) {
// 连通网络的
deleteTask(task);
task = null;
// 重置错误计数
errorCount = 0;
} else {
errorCount++;
}
removeMessages(NEW_REQUEST);
Message oldTask = obtainMessage(NEW_REQUEST, task);
if (errorCount > MAX_RETRY_TIME) {
sendMessageDelayed(oldTask, BASE_DELAY_MILLIS * errorCount);
} else {
sendMessage(oldTask);
}
break;
default:
break;
}

}

}

附上HandlerThread源码帮助理解：

/**
 * Handy class for starting a new thread that has a looper. The looper can then be 
 * used to create handler classes. Note that start() must still be called.
 */
public class HandlerThread extends Thread {
    int mPriority;
    int mTid = -1;
    Looper mLooper;


    public HandlerThread(String name) {
        super(name);
        mPriority = Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructs a HandlerThread.
     * @param name
     * @param priority The priority to run the thread at. The value supplied must be from 
     * {@link android.os.Process} and not from java.lang.Thread.
     */
    public HandlerThread(String name, int priority) {
        super(name);
        mPriority = priority;
    }
    
    /**
     * Call back method that can be explicitly overridden if needed to execute some
     * setup before Looper loops.
     */
    protected void onLooperPrepared() {
    }


    @Override
    public void run() {
        mTid = Process.myTid();
        Looper.prepare();
        synchronized (this) {
            mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
            notifyAll();
        }
        Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
        onLooperPrepared();
        Looper.loop();
        mTid = -1;
    }
    
    /**
     * This method returns the Looper associated with this thread. If this thread not been started
     * or for any reason is isAlive() returns false, this method will return null. If this thread 
     * has been started, this method will block until the looper has been initialized.  
     * @return The looper.
     */
    public Looper getLooper() {
        if (!isAlive()) {
            return null;
        }
        
        // If the thread has been started, wait until the looper has been created.
        synchronized (this) {
            while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {
                try {
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        }
        return mLooper;
    }


    /**
     * Quits the handler thread's looper.
     * <p>
     * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate without processing any
     * more messages in the message queue.
     * </p><p>
     * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
     * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
     * </p><p class="note">
     * Using this method may be unsafe because some messages may not be delivered
     * before the looper terminates.  Consider using {@link #quitSafely} instead to ensure
     * that all pending work is completed in an orderly manner.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the
     * thread had not yet started running.
     *
     * @see #quitSafely
     */
    public boolean quit() {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quit();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }


    /**
     * Quits the handler thread's looper safely.
     * <p>
     * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate as soon as all remaining messages
     * in the message queue that are already due to be delivered have been handled.
     * Pending delayed messages with due times in the future will not be delivered.
     * </p><p>
     * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
     * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
     * </p><p>
     * If the thread has not been started or has finished (that is if
     * {@link #getLooper} returns null), then false is returned.
     * Otherwise the looper is asked to quit and true is returned.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the
     * thread had not yet started running.
     */
    public boolean quitSafely() {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quitSafely();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the identifier of this thread. See Process.myTid().
     */
    public int getThreadId() {
        return mTid;
    }
}