linux 驱动之异步通知

linux驱动异步通知是指应用程序app不去主动调用驱动程序，而是有驱动程序主动将发生事件的结果告诉app，比如按键驱动，当有一个按键按下或者抬起的时候，就会主动通知app而无需app一直在那里等待按键事件的发送，中断+等待队列和poll机制也是app主动去调用驱动接口函数，而异步通知是驱动主动告诉app。

异步通知必须做到以下几点：

1：注册信号处理函数                                 ====》有应用程序注册信号处理函数

2：事件的结果有谁发？                             ====》事件的结果有驱动程序发，

3：发给谁？                                                 ====》发给app，但是app要告诉驱动程序pid(进程号)

4：怎样发？                                                 ====》通过kill_fasync(...)函数接口来发送

 驱动代码

#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>


static struct class *fasyncdrv_class;
static struct class_device	*fasyncdrv_class_dev;

//volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
//volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，fasync_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;


struct pin_desc{
	unsigned int pin;
	unsigned int key_val;
};


/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

/*
 * K1,K2,K3,K4对应GPG0，GPG3，GPG5，GPG6
 */

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
	{S3C2410_GPG0, 0x01},
	{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x02},
	{S3C2410_GPG5, 0x03},
	{S3C2410_GPG6, 0x04},
};


/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
	unsigned int pinval;
	
	pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

	if (pinval)
	{
		/* 松开 */
		key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
	}
	else
	{
		/* 按下 */
		key_val = pindesc->key_val;
	}

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
	
	kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN); //在中断里发送事件的结果，异步通知app
	
	return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int fasync_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	/* GPG0，GPG3，GPG5，GPG6为中断引脚: EINT8,EINT11,EINT13,EINT14 */
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT8,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K1", &pins_desc[0]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K2", &pins_desc[1]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT13, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K3", &pins_desc[2]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT14, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K4", &pins_desc[3]);	

	return 0;
}

ssize_t fasync_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
	if (size != 1)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
	wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);

	/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
	copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
	ev_press = 0;
	
	return 1;
}


int fasync_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT8,  &pins_desc[0]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[1]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT13, &pins_desc[2]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT14, &pins_desc[3]);
	return 0;
}

static unsigned fasync_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
	unsigned int mask = 0;
	poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

	if (ev_press)
		mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

	return mask;
}

static int fasync_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
	printk("driver: fasync_drv_fasync\n");
	return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}


static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  fasync_drv_open,     
	.read	 =	fasync_drv_read,	   
	.release =  fasync_drv_close,
	.poll    =  fasync_drv_poll,
	.fasync	 =  fasync_drv_fasync, //异步通知函数接口
};


int major;
static int fasync_drv_init(void)
{
	major = register_chrdev(0, "fasync_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

	fasyncdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "fasync_drv");

	fasyncdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(fasyncdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

        return 0;
}

static void fasync_drv_exit(void)
{
	unregister_chrdev(major, "fasync_drv");
	class_device_unregister(fasyncdrv_class_dev);
	class_destroy(fasyncdrv_class);
//	iounmap(gpfcon);
	return 0;
}


module_init(fasync_drv_init);
module_exit(fasync_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

app测试函数

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

int fd;

void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
	unsigned char key_val;
	read(fd, &key_val, 1);
	printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	unsigned char key_val;
	int ret;
	int Oflags;

	signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);
	
	fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
	if (fd < 0)
	{
		printf("can't open!\n");
	}

	fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid()); //把当前进程的pid告诉驱动程序
	
	Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL); 
	
	fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC); //设置为异步通知


	while (1)
	{
		sleep(1000);
	}
	
	return 0;
}

测试程序就不会一直调用驱动的函数接口来获取事件的处理结果，app在while里可以干其他的事情，当驱动有按键按下的时候就会主动通知app，将结果上传，