OGG-00723  has secondary transaction ID that is duplicate of existing open uncommitted transaction

linux6.9+oracle11.2.0.4 rac两节点+ogg12.2.0.1

1.故障现象:

开发对大表增加字段alter table XXX.TABX add IS_TROUBLE_POINT VARCHAR2(10) default '是';

出现卡住20分钟。

等字段加上后,发现ogg抽取进程异常,一直卡住不动,显示的时间是添加字段期间。

GGSCI (racj1) 17> info gdcq

 

EXTRACT    GDCQ      Last Started 2020-09-16 22:52   Status RUNNING

Checkpoint Lag       00:48:48 (updated 00:00:06 ago)

Process ID           118131

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:46  Thread 1, Seqno 26376, RBA 559309504

                     SCN 3956.660955621 (16991551578597)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:52  Thread 2, Seqno 35339, RBA 5733392

                     SCN 3956.660966768 (16991551589744)

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 18> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     GDCQ        00:49:09      00:00:01   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:00   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:09   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:00   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 19> view report gdcq

 

 

***********************************************************************

                 Oracle GoldenGate Capture for Oracle

                 Version 12.2.0.1.170919 27731916_FBO

   Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 11g on Sep  4 2018 20:28:34

 

Copyright (C) 1995, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 

 

                    Starting at 2020-09-16 22:52:04

***********************************************************************

 

Operating System Version:

Linux

Version #1 SMP Sun Nov 10 22:19:54 EST 2013, Release 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

Node: racj1

Machine: x86_64

                         soft limit   hard limit

Address Space Size   :    unlimited    unlimited

Heap Size            :    unlimited    unlimited

File Size            :    unlimited    unlimited

CPU Time             :    unlimited    unlimited

 

Process id: 118131

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

2020-09-16 22:52:07  INFO    OGG-01517  Position of first record processed for Thread 2, Sequence 35336, RBA 8674320, SCN 3956.658990278 (16991549613254), 2020 M09 16 21:12:08.

 

2020-09-16 22:52:07  INFO    OGG-01053  Recovery completed for target file ./dirdat/gd014349, at RBA 1399.

 

2020-09-16 22:52:07  INFO    OGG-01057  Recovery completed for all targets.

 

***********************************************************************

**                     Run Time Messages                             **

***********************************************************************

 

 

2020-09-16 22:52:25  INFO    OGG-01644  BOUNDED RECOVERY: COMPLETE: for object pool 2: p187438_Redo_Thread_2 at SeqNo: 35337, RBA: 1555749904, SCN: 3956.659865963 (16991550488939), Thread: 2.

 

2020-09-16 22:52:41  WARNING OGG-00723  Record with class# 854, slt# 26, at seqno 35340, rba 638777872 SCN 3956.661637609 (16991552260585) has secondary transaction ID that is duplicate of existing open uncommitted

 transaction.

 

2020-09-16 22:52:41  WARNING OGG-00715  [Thread #2] Purging transaction (transaction id: 419.26.15318211, start time: 2020-09-16 22:23:22, start seqno: 35340, start RBA: 631464976).

 

2020-09-16 22:52:41  WARNING OGG-00712  Updating I/O checkpoint after purging orphaned transactions on thread 2 with current position (Seq#: 35340, RBA: 638782168).

 

2020-09-16 22:52:46  INFO    OGG-01644  BOUNDED RECOVERY: COMPLETE: for object pool 1: p187438_Redo_Thread_1 at SeqNo: 26373, RBA: 62238224, SCN: 3956.659866612 (16991550489588), Thread: 1.

 

2.分析原因:

GG Extract Report Shows "Purging Transaction", WARNING OGG-00723, OGG-00715, Updating I/O Checkpoint after Purging Orphaned Transactions, Has Secondary Transaction ID That Is Duplicate of Existing Open Uncommitted Transaction (Doc ID 1458472.1)

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In this Document

 

Symptoms

 

 

Changes

 

 

Cause

 

 

Solution

 

 

References


 

APPLIES TO:

Oracle GoldenGate - Version 11.1.1.0.0 and later
Information in this document applies to any platform.

SYMPTOMS

Extract report shows following messages:

2012-03-05 09:14:54  WARNING OGG-00723  Oracle GoldenGate Capture for Oracle, <group>.prm:  Record with class# 34, slt# 4, at seqno xxxxx,
rba xxxxxxxx SCN xx.xxxxxxxxxx (xxxxxxxxxx) has secondary transaction ID that is duplicate of existing open uncommitted transaction.

2012-03-05 09:14:54  WARNING OGG-00715  Oracle GoldenGate Capture for Oracle, <group>.prm:  [Thread #1] Purging transaction
(transaction id: X.X.XXXXXXXX, start time: 2012-03-05 09:11:35, start seqno: XXXXX, start RBA: xxxxxxxxx).

2012-03-05 09:14:54  WARNING OGG-00712  Oracle GoldenGate Capture for Oracle, <group>.prm:  Updating I/O checkpoint after purging
orphaned transactions on thread 1 with current position (Seq#: xxxxx, RBA: xxxxxxxx). 

 

CHANGES

 

CAUSE

1) This is due to the presence of XA (distributed transactions).

This can be verified by running the following query:

sql> spool output.txt

set headin off
select /*+ ORDERED */
'-------- Found Global XID -----------------------'||'
Current Time : '|| substr(to_char(sysdate,'dd-Mon-YYYY HH24.MI.SS'),1,22) ||'
'||'Ascii GTXID='||g.K2GTITID_ORA
from x$k2gte g;
set headin off
select /*+ ORDERED */
'----------------------------------------'||'
Curent Time : '|| substr(to_char(sysdate,'dd-Mon-YYYY HH24.MI.SS'),1,22) ||'
'||'GTXID='||substr(g.K2GTITID_EXT,1,10) ||'
'||'Ascii GTXID='||g.K2GTITID_ORA ||'
'||'Branch= '||g.K2GTIBID ||'
Local TX Id ='||substr(t.KXIDUSN||'.'||t.kXIDSLT||'.'||t.kXIDSQN,1,10) ||'
'||'KTUXESTA='|| x.KTUXESTA ||'
'||'KTUXEDFL='|| x.KTUXECFL
from x$k2gte g, x$ktcxb t, X$KTUXE x
where g.K2GTDXCB =t.ktcxbxba and
x.KTUXEUSN = t.KXIDUSN(+) and
x.KTUXESLT = t.kXIDSLT(+) and
x.KTUXESQN =t.kXIDSQN(+);

set headin on

sql> spool off

Extract/ Classic Extract encountered a shutdown of an instance, and is purging any transactions that are open on that instance.
Extract/ Classic Extract does not have the capability to handle XA transactions on RAC. It may purge XA transactions that would eventually
commit. Note the first warning (secondary  transaction ID that is duplicate of existing open uncommitted transaction) suggests that we have encountered
XA on RAC.

There can be data loss (precisely in such cases where an instance with an XA branch crashes and the crashed XA txn is recovered in another instance).

2) This can also be caused due to streamlined dblogreader code which was added in OGG version 11.2.1.0.7 and it was disabled in OGG version 11.2.1.0.32

SOLUTION

1) Upgrade to OGG v11.2 and configure "Integrated Extract" which supports XA transactions.

How To Upgrade From Goldengate Classic Extract To Integrated Extract (Doc ID 1484313.1)

For environments using Classic Extract, the following can be used as a work-around

_clusterwide_global_transactions=false

1. What is the impact of setting "_clusterwide_global_transactions"=false

This will ensure that ALL branches of XA goes to the same Oracle instance. However if the instance fails the whole XA transaction will roll back.
This will only impact incoming distributed transactions.

2. For existing connections will it be transparent ?

It is not transparent. We still have to setup services to accept XA connections.

From the Oracle 10.2 doc:
For services that you are going to use for distributed transaction processing, create the service using Enterprise Manager, DBCA, or SRVCTL and
define only one instance as the preferred instance. You can have as many AVAILABLE instances as you want. For example, the following SRVCTL command
creates a singleton service for database crm, xa_01.service.us.oracle.com, whose preferred instance is RAC01:

eg., srvctl add service -d crm -s <service_name> -r RAC01 -a RAC02, RAC03

For incoming transactions we will have to set up the services as explained above. Then mark the service for distributed transaction processing by
setting the DTP parameter to TRUE; the default is FALSE. Enterprise Manager enables you to set this parameter on the Cluster Managed Database Services: Create
Service or Modify Service page. You can also use the DBMS_SERVICE package to modify the DTP property of the singleton service as follows:

eg., EXECUTE DBMS_SERVICE.MODIFY_SERVICE(service_name=>'<service_name>', DTP=>TRUE);

If, for example, RAC01 which provides service <service_name> fails, then the singleton service that it provided fails over to one of the other instances, such as
RAC02 or RAC03.

Additional details on XA transactions are available in following document

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/products/clustering/overview/distributed-transactions-and-xa-163941.pdf

2) If using OGG versions 11.2.1.0.7 through 11.2.1.0.31 and 12.1.2.0.0 through 12.1.2.1.4 add TRANLOGOPTIONS _DISABLESTREAMLINEDDBLOGREADER to the extract to fix the issue with streamlined
dblogreader code. Starting with OGG versions 11.2.1.0.32 and 12.1.2.1.5 streamlined db logreader is disabled by default.

Note: The parameter _DISABLESTREAMLINEDDBLOGREADER is available only from v11.2.1.0.26 onwards.  OGG Backport is needed for previous versions.

 

 

EFERENCES

BUG:13837744 - OGG V11.2.1.0.0 CLASSIC EXTRACT SHOWING "PURGING TRANSACTION" AND DUPLICATE XID

 

3.处理过程:

3.1尝试清除分布式事务,重启ogg抽取进程,无效:

SQL> execute DBMS_TRANSACTION.PURGE_LOST_DB_ENTRY('134.19.1059753');

commit;

rollback force  '158.31.753501';

execute DBMS_TRANSACTION.PURGE_LOST_DB_ENTRY('158.31.753501');

commit;

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

SQL>

Commit complete.

根据建议检查存在XA事务:

SQL> spool output.txt             

SQL> 

SQL> set headin off

SQL> select /*+ ORDERED */

  2  '-------- Found Global XID -----------------------'||'

  3  Current Time : '|| substr(to_char(sysdate,'dd-Mon-YYYY HH24.MI.SS'),1,22) ||'

  4  '||'Ascii GTXID='||g.K2GTITID_ORA

  5  from x$k2gte g;

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=ZYDB.786fbf59.140.14.96846

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

 

Ascii GTXID=ZYDB.786fbf59.52.25.4831875

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=ZYDB.786fbf59.66.7.4564469

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.388.6.148806

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.44.16.14369948

 

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=ZYDB.786fbf59.58.32.5537388

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=ZYDB.786fbf59.410.11.2891826

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=ZYDB.786fbf59.414.2.7155947

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

setCurrent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

 hea

din off

Ascii GTXID=ZYDB.786fbf59.128.21.36647

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.47.5.20547367

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=ZYDB.786fbf59.120.17.54075

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=ZYDB.786fbf59.120.17.54075

 

 

-------- Found Global XID -----------------------

Current Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.229.32.173004

 

SQL> SQL> select /*+ ORDERED */

  2  '----------------------------------------'||'

  3  Curent Time : '|| substr(to_char(sysdate,'dd-Mon-YYYY HH24.MI.SS'),1,22) ||'

  4  '||'GTXID='||substr(g.K2GTITID_EXT,1,10) ||'

  5  '||'Ascii GTXID='||g.K2GTITID_ORA ||'

  6  '||'Branch= '||g.K2GTIBID ||'

  7  Local TX Id ='||substr(t.KXIDUSN||'.'||t.kXIDSLT||'.'||t.kXIDSQN,1,10) ||'

  8  '||'KTUXESTA='|| x.KTUXESTA ||'

  9  '||'KTUXEDFL='|| x.KTUXECFL

 10  from x$k2gte g, x$ktcxb t, X$KTUXE x

 11  where g.K2GTDXCB =t.ktcxbxba and

 12  x.KTUXEUSN = t.KXIDUSN(+) and

 13  x.KTUXESLT = t.kXIDSLT(+) and

 14  x.KTUXESQN =t.kXIDSQN(+);

 

set headin on

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.47.5.20547367

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =47.5.20547

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.388.6.148806

 

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =388.6.1488

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.229.32.173004

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =229.32.173

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.44.16.14369948

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =44.16.1436

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

 

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.277.19.187305

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =277.19.187

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.143.9.1082723

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =143.9.1082

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

 

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.157.8.746628

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =157.8.7466

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

 

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.377.11.149473

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =377.11.149

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.382.20.149560

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =382.20.149

 

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.91.13.2401791

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =91.13.2401

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

 

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.82.11.2324289

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =82.11.2324

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.67.12.20910544

Branch= 0000

 

Local TX Id =67.12.2091

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.130.4.1080328

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =130.4.1080

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.77.28.8544656

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =77.28.8544

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.263.0.196156

 

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =263.0.1961

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.71.12.16407664

Branch= 5354415444425B31312E33312E31333539323439345D5B312E335D

Local TX Id =71.12.1640

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.71.12.16407664

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =71.12.1640

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

 

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.342.4.261192

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =342.4.2611

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

----------------------------------------

Curent Time : 16-Sep-2020 23.04.42

GTXID=474444422E

Ascii GTXID=GDDB.6d36e46c.107.4.731768

Branch= 0000

Local TX Id =107.4.7317

KTUXESTA=ACTIVE

 

KTUXEDFL=NONE

 

 

19 rows selected.

 

SQL> SQL> SQL>

SQL>

SQL>

SQL> spool off

3.2尝试添加隐含参数,重启数据库无效:

 

SQL> alter system set "_clusterwide_global_transactions"=false scope=spfile sid='*';

 

Does Oracle Commerce Require DTP Or _clusterwide_global_transactions Flags To Be Set For Oracle RAC (Doc ID 1945707.1)

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In this Document

 

Goal

 

 

Solution

 

 

References


 

APPLIES TO:

Oracle Commerce Platform - Version 11.1 and later
Information in this document applies to any platform.
**Checked for relevance on 8-June-18**

GOAL

Should Distributed Transaction Processing (DTP) or Clusterwide XA transactions management (global_txn_processes) be used for RAC configuration when using Oracle Commerce?


 

SOLUTION

Generally when XA is configured, either DTP or _clusterwide_global_transactions is set.

However, when XA transactions use SUSPEND/RESUME operations the Clusterwide XA transactions management (global_txn_processes) introduced with 11g cannot be used. This limitation is documented in this document:

ORA-24798 WHEN XA RESUMES JOIN AN EXISTING TRANSACTION BRANCH (Doc ID 1106793.1)

Since Oracle Commerce transactions use SUSPEND/RESUME operations, _clusterwide_global_transactions will need to be set to "FALSE".

Since Clusterwide XA transactions management cannot be used, per Oracle documentation it is recommended that DTP be used. For further details, look at Overview of XA Transactions and DTP Services section of the Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide.
 

An additional reason to set _clusterwide_global_transactions to "FALSE" is discussed in
High rdbms ipc reply and DFS lock handle in 11gR2 RAC With XA Enabled Application (Doc ID 1361615.1)

REFERENCES

NOTE:1361615.1 - High rdbms ipc reply and DFS lock handle in 11gR2 RAC With XA Enabled Application
NOTE:1106793.1 - ORA-24798 WHEN XA RESUMES JOIN AN EXISTING TRANSACTION BRANCH

 

 

3.3抽取进程添加参数,无效:

STATOPTIONS RESETREPORTSTATS

EXTTRAIL ./dirdat/gd

TRANLOGOPTIONS DBLOGREADER

TRANLOGOPTIONS _DISABLESTREAMLINEDDBLOGREADER

3.4尝试删除XA进程,无效:

SQL> Select c.spid from v$process c where c.addr in (select b.paddr from v$session b where b.sid in(Select /*+ ORDERED */

w.sid

from x$k2gte g, x$ktcxb t, x$ksuse s, v$session_wait w, v$session s2

where g.K2GTDXCB =t.ktcxbxba

and g.K2GTDSES=t.ktcxbses

and s.addr=g.K2GTDSES

and w.sid=s.indx

and s2.sid = w.sid));

 

SPID

------------------------

104381

104384

137346

151232

121256

121420

121422

159793

 

8 rows selected.

 

SQL> !ps -ef|grep 104381

oracle   104381      1 94 Sep16 ?        00:28:50 oraclegddb1 (LOCAL=NO)

oracle   192341 129389  0 00:25 pts/3    00:00:00 /bin/bash -c ps -ef|grep 104381

oracle   192343 192341  0 00:25 pts/3    00:00:00 grep 104381

 

SQL> !ps -ef|grep 104384

oracle   104384      1 96 Sep16 ?        00:29:48 oraclegddb1 (LOCAL=NO)

oracle   192975 129389  0 00:25 pts/3    00:00:00 /bin/bash -c ps -ef|grep 104384

oracle   192977 192975  0 00:25 pts/3    00:00:00 grep 104384

 

SQL> !kill -9 104381

 

3.5尝试修改抽取rba起始位置,有变化:

GGSCI (racj1) 9> alter extract gdcq,tranlog,extseqno 35340,extrba 638782168,thread 2

ERROR: EXTRACT GDCQ is running and cannot be altered (1,2,No such file or directory).

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 10> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     GDCQ        02:43:47      00:00:09   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:07   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:08   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 11> stop gdcq

 

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT GDCQ ...

Request processed.

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 12> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     STOPPED     GDCQ        02:44:01      00:00:04   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:07   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:06   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:07   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 13> alter extract gdcq,tranlog,extseqno 35340,extrba 638782168,thread 2

EXTRACT altered.

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 14> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     STOPPED     GDCQ        02:44:19      00:00:02   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:04   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:03   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:04   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 15> start gdcq

 

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

EXTRACT GDCQ starting

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 16> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     STARTING    GDCQ        02:44:19      00:00:06   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:07   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:06   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:07   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 17> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     GDCQ        02:44:19      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:09   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:09   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 21> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     GDCQ        02:44:19      00:00:30   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:02   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:01   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:02   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 22> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     GDCQ        02:44:19      00:00:33   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:04   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:03   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:04   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 26> info gdcq

 

EXTRACT    GDCQ      Initialized   2020-09-17 00:51   Status STOPPED

Checkpoint Lag       02:44:19 (updated 00:01:30 ago)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:46  Thread 1, Seqno 26376, RBA 559309504

                     SCN 3956.660955621 (16991551578597)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:52  Thread 2, Seqno 35340, RBA 638782168

                     SCN 0.0 (0)

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 27> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           

EXTRACT     STOPPED     GDCQ        02:44:19      00:01:34   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:06   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:05   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:06   

 

GGSCI (racj1) 41> view report gdcq

 

 

***********************************************************************

                 Oracle GoldenGate Capture for Oracle

                 Version 12.2.0.1.170919 27731916_FBO

   Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 11g on Sep  4 2018 20:28:34

 

Copyright (C) 1995, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 

 

                    Starting at 2020-09-17 00:54:51

***********************************************************************

 

Operating System Version:

Linux

Version #1 SMP Sun Nov 10 22:19:54 EST 2013, Release 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

Node: racj1

Machine: x86_64

                         soft limit   hard limit

Address Space Size   :    unlimited    unlimited

Heap Size            :    unlimited    unlimited

File Size            :    unlimited    unlimited

CPU Time             :    unlimited    unlimited

 

Process id: 55218

。。。。。。。。。。。

2020-09-17 00:54:53  INFO    OGG-01513  Positioning to (Thread 1) Sequence 26274, RBA 971472400, SCN 3955.971333569 (16987566989249).

 

Source Context :

  SourceModule            : [gglib.ggdatasource.DataSource]

  SourceID                : [/scratch/jkrath/view_storage/jkrath_soncustvew/oggcore/OpenSys/src/gglib/ggdatasource/DataSource.cpp]

  SourceFunction          : [establishStartPoint]

  SourceLine              : [175]

  ThreadBacktrace         : [11] elements

                          : [/ogg/12c/libgglog.so(CMessageContext::AddThreadContext()+0x1b) [0x7f9471c7820b]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/libgglog.so(CMessageFactory::CreateMessage(CSourceContext*, unsigned int, ...)+0x134) [0x7f9471c72d74]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/libgglog.so(_MSG_ERR_CHECKPOINT_GENERIC(CSourceContext*, char const*, CMessageFactory::MessageDisposition)+0x30) [0x7f9471c48634]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/extract(ggs::gglib::ggdatasource::DataSource::establishStartPoint(time_elt_def&, time_elt_def&)+0xef) [0x87fe4f]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/extract() [0x6ef0e1]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/extract(ggs::gglib::MultiThreading::MainThread::ExecMain()+0x60) [0x752c80]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/extract(ggs::gglib::MultiThreading::Thread::RunThread(ggs::gglib::MultiThreading::Thread::ThreadArgs*)+0x14d) [0x753d5d]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/extract(ggs::gglib::MultiThreading::MainThread::Run(int, char**)+0xb1) [0x753e41]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/extract(main+0x3b) [0x6eff1b]]

                          : [/lib64/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfd) [0x3396a1ed1d]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/extract() [0x69aed1]]

 

2020-09-17 00:56:07  ERROR   OGG-00446  Opening file +ARCHDG/1_26274_986573398.dbf in DBLOGREADER mode: (308) ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '+ARCHDG/1_26274_986573398.dbf'

ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +ARCHDG/1_26274_986573398.dbf

ORA-15173: entry '1_26274_986573398.dbf' does not exist in directory '/'

Not able to establish initial position for sequence 26274, rba 971472400.

 

2020-09-17 00:56:07  ERROR   OGG-01668  PROCESS ABENDING.

 

 

这里发现报错信息发生变化,说明可以继续往前抽取日志了。此处由于数据库每4小时会自动备份归档,然后删除,导致归档日志文件不存在,所以只能考虑从带库中恢复归档日志。

通过grid用户asmcmd查看归档日志存在的情况,确定需要抽取哪些,从26274开始的归档日志。

 

[oracle@racj2 netbackup]$ more bp.conf

SERVER = nbujxq

SERVER = racj2

SERVER = nbu1

SERVER = nbu2

SERVER = 5240-jxq

CLIENT_NAME = racj2

CONNECT_OPTIONS = localhost 1 0 2

USE_VXSS = PROHIBITED

VXSS_SERVICE_TYPE = INTEGRITYANDCONFIDENTIALITY

EMMSERVER = nbujxq

HOST_CACHE_TTL = 3600

TELEMETRY_UPLOAD = YES

[oracle@racj2 netbackup]$ pwd

/usr/openv/netbackup

[oracle@racj2 netbackup]$ rman target /

 

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 17 01:02:02 2020

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

connected to target database: GDDB (DBID=3327026134)

 

RMAN> RUN {

allocate channel D1 type 'sbt_tape' parms 'SBT_LIBRARY=/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so64';

allocate channel D2 type 'sbt_tape' parms 'SBT_LIBRARY=/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so64';

send 'NB_ORA_SERV=nbujxq,NB_ORA_CLIENT=racj2';

restore archivelog from logseq 26274 until logseq 26340 thread 1;

RELEASE CHANNEL D1;

RELEASE CHANNEL D2;

}

提取上述归档花了40分钟。恢复后,ogg抽取进程可以继续了。

继续发现出现abend错误:

2020-09-17 01:24:03  WARNING OGG-01027  Detect inconsistency in pdata after 0 retries, expecting tb 2013265920, nf 64007, got tb -1145512490, nf 24390, bc 33620754, nb -1462937004, on record with seqno 35340, rba 7

09685800 for data starts at rba 656100585.

 

Source Context :

  SourceModule            : [er.redo.ora.rtc]

  SourceID                : [/scratch/jkrath/view_storage/jkrath_soncustvew/oggcore/OpenSys/src/app/er/redo/oracle/rtc.c]

  SourceFunction          : [RTC_producer]

  SourceLine              : [2207]

  ThreadBacktrace         : [6] elements

                          : [/ogg/12c/libgglog.so(CMessageContext::AddThreadContext()+0x1b) [0x7f7a4e5fc20b]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/libgglog.so(CMessageFactory::CreateMessage(CSourceContext*, unsigned int, ...)+0x134) [0x7f7a4e5f6d74]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/libgglog.so(_MSG_ERR_ER_GENERIC_FAILURE(CSourceContext*, char const*, CMessageFactory::MessageDisposition)+0x30) [0x7f7a4e5c446a]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/extract(RTC_producer+0x97b) [0x82b1fb]]

                          : [/lib64/libpthread.so.0() [0x3396e079d1]]

                          : [/lib64/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d) [0x3396ae8b6d]]

 

2020-09-17 01:24:12  ERROR   OGG-01028  Detect inconsistency in pdata after 6 retries, expecting tb 2013265920, nf 64007, got tb -1145512490, nf 24390, bc 33620754, nb -1462937004, on record with seqno 35340, rba 7

09685800 for data starts at rba 656100585.

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 66> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     ABENDED     GDCQ        03:17:11      00:00:27   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:09   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:09   

GGSCI (racj1) 67> view report gdcq

 2020-09-17 01:24:12  ERROR   OGG-01028  Detect inconsistency in pdata after 6 retries, expecting tb 2013265920, nf 64007, got tb -1145512490, nf 24390, bc 33620754, nb -1462937004, on record with seqno 35340, rba 7

09685800 for data starts at rba 656100585.

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 68>   info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           

EXTRACT     ABENDED     GDCQ        03:17:11      00:00:58   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:09   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:09   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 69> info gdcq

 

EXTRACT    GDCQ      Last Started 2020-09-17 01:24   Status ABENDED

Checkpoint Lag       03:17:11 (updated 00:01:00 ago)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:46  Thread 1, Seqno 26376, RBA 559309504

                     SCN 3956.660955621 (16991551578597)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:52  Thread 2, Seqno 35340, RBA 638782168

                     SCN 0.0 (0)

 

继续尝试修改rba,无效:

GGSCI (racj1) 70> alter extract gdcq,tranlog,extseqno 35340,extrba 656100585,thread 2

EXTRACT altered.

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 71> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     STOPPED     GDCQ        03:19:10      00:00:02   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:03   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:02   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:03   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 72> start gdcq

 

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

EXTRACT GDCQ starting

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 73> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     GDCQ        03:19:10      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:07   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:08   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 74> info gdcq

 

EXTRACT    GDCQ      Last Started 2020-09-17 01:26   Status RUNNING

Checkpoint Lag       03:19:21 (updated 00:00:01 ago)

Process ID           114289

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:46  Thread 1, Seqno 26376, RBA 559309504

                     SCN 3956.660955621 (16991551578597)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:52  Thread 2, Seqno 35340, RBA 656100585

                     SCN 0.0 (0)

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 75> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     GDCQ        03:19:21      00:00:07   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:07   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:08   

GGSCI (racj1) 76> info gdcq

 

EXTRACT    GDCQ      Last Started 2020-09-17 01:26   Status ABENDED

Checkpoint Lag       03:19:21 (updated 00:00:13 ago)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:46  Thread 1, Seqno 26376, RBA 559309504

                     SCN 3956.660955621 (16991551578597)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:52  Thread 2, Seqno 35340, RBA 656100585

                     SCN 0.0 (0)

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 77> view report gdcq

2020-09-17 01:26:11  WARNING OGG-01027  Detect inconsistency in pdata after 0 retries, expecting tb 2013265920, nf 64007, got tb -1145512490, nf 24390, bc 33620754, nb -1462937004, on record with seqno 35340, rba 7

09685800 for data starts at rba 656100585.

 

Source Context :

  SourceModule            : [er.redo.ora.rtc]

  SourceID                : [/scratch/jkrath/view_storage/jkrath_soncustvew/oggcore/OpenSys/src/app/er/redo/oracle/rtc.c]

  SourceFunction          : [RTC_producer]

  SourceLine              : [2207]

  ThreadBacktrace         : [6] elements

                          : [/ogg/12c/libgglog.so(CMessageContext::AddThreadContext()+0x1b) [0x7fb7fd6f620b]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/libgglog.so(CMessageFactory::CreateMessage(CSourceContext*, unsigned int, ...)+0x134) [0x7fb7fd6f0d74]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/libgglog.so(_MSG_ERR_ER_GENERIC_FAILURE(CSourceContext*, char const*, CMessageFactory::MessageDisposition)+0x30) [0x7fb7fd6be46a]]

                          : [/ogg/12c/extract(RTC_producer+0x97b) [0x82b1fb]]

                          : [/lib64/libpthread.so.0() [0x3396e079d1]]

                          : [/lib64/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d) [0x3396ae8b6d]]

 

2020-09-17 01:26:20  ERROR   OGG-01028  Detect inconsistency in pdata after 6 retries, expecting tb 2013265920, nf 64007, got tb -1145512490, nf 24390, bc 33620754, nb -1462937004, on record with seqno 35340, rba 7

09685800 for data starts at rba 656100585.

 

GGSCI (racj1) 80> alter extract gdcq,tranlog,extseqno 35340,extrba 709685800,thread 2

EXTRACT altered.

依然无效。

2020-09-17 01:27:37  ERROR   OGG-01028  Detect inconsistency in pdata after 6 retries, expecting tb -1145512490, nf 24390, got tb 2187451, nf 19, bc -1462937004, nb 9733386, on record with seqno 35340, rba 90884808

8 for data starts at rba 709685800.

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 88>      info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           

EXTRACT     ABENDED     GDCQ        03:20:43      00:01:22   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:04   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:03   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:04   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 89> info gdcq

 

EXTRACT    GDCQ      Last Started 2020-09-17 01:27   Status ABENDED

Checkpoint Lag       03:20:43 (updated 00:01:25 ago)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:46  Thread 1, Seqno 26376, RBA 559309504

                     SCN 3956.660955621 (16991551578597)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:06:52  Thread 2, Seqno 35340, RBA 709685800

                     SCN 0.0 (0)

 

3.6最终解决:

参考类似问题:http://blog.itpub.net/13885898/viewspace-1651350/

通过手工分别修改Extract的两个进程的TIMESTAMP才行,而不是修改rba.

GGSCI (racj1) 90> alter extract gdcq, thread 1, BEGIN 2020-09-16 22:06:46

EXTRACT altered.

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 91> alter extract gdcq, thread 2, BEGIN 2020-09-16 22:06:46

EXTRACT altered.

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 92> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     STOPPED     GDCQ        03:23:41      00:00:03   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:07   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:08   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 93> start gdcq

 

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

EXTRACT GDCQ starting

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 94> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     GDCQ        03:23:41      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:03   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:02   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:03   

 

GGSCI (racj1) 99> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     GDCQ        03:21:50      00:00:02   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:07   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:06   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:07   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 100> info gdcq

 

EXTRACT    GDCQ      Last Started 2020-09-17 01:30   Status RUNNING

Checkpoint Lag       03:21:50 (updated 00:00:06 ago)

Process ID           122710

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:08:58  Thread 1, Seqno 26377, RBA 906540116

                     SCN 3956.661169975 (16991551792951)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-16 22:08:50  Thread 2, Seqno 35339, RBA 402930484

                     SCN 3956.661167621 (16991551790597)

GGSCI (racj1) 112> info gdcq

 

EXTRACT    GDCQ      Last Started 2020-09-17 01:30   Status RUNNING

Checkpoint Lag       00:00:01 (updated 00:00:02 ago)

Process ID           122710

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-17 01:33:44  Thread 1, Seqno 26390, RBA 1137118736

                     SCN 3956.676788414 (16991567411390)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-17 01:33:43  Thread 2, Seqno 35349, RBA 1160039424

                     SCN 3956.676788056 (16991567411032)

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 113> info all

 

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

 

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     GDCQ        00:00:01      00:00:03   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T180        00:00:00      00:00:06   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T245        00:00:00      00:00:05   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     T247        00:00:00      00:00:06   

 

 

GGSCI (racj1) 114> info gdcq,showch

 

EXTRACT    GDCQ      Last Started 2020-09-17 01:30   Status RUNNING

Checkpoint Lag       00:00:02 (updated 00:00:02 ago)

Process ID           122710

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-17 01:34:22  Thread 1, Seqno 26390, RBA 1535739492

                     SCN 3956.676822001 (16991567444977)

Log Read Checkpoint  Oracle Redo Logs

                     2020-09-17 01:34:23  Thread 2, Seqno 35349, RBA 1162095616

                     SCN 3956.676822412 (16991567445388)

 

 

Current Checkpoint Detail:

 

Read Checkpoint #1

 

  Oracle Threaded Redo Log

 

  Startup Checkpoint (starting position in the data source):

    Thread #: 1

    Sequence #: 26376

    RBA: 557482496

    Timestamp: 2020-09-16 22:06:46.000000

    SCN: Not available

    Redo File:

 

  Recovery Checkpoint (position of oldest unprocessed transaction in the data source):

    Thread #: 1

    Sequence #: 26388

    RBA: 734050320

    Timestamp: 2020-09-17 00:33:25.000000

    SCN: 3956.668546962 (16991559169938)

    Redo File: Not Available

 

  Current Checkpoint (position of last record read in the data source):

    Thread #: 1

    Sequence #: 26390

    RBA: 1535739492

    Timestamp: 2020-09-17 01:34:22.000000

    SCN: 3956.676822001 (16991567444977)

    Redo File: Not Available

 

Read Checkpoint #2

 

  Oracle Threaded Redo Log

 

  Startup Checkpoint (starting position in the data source):

    Thread #: 2

    Sequence #: 35339

    RBA: 5629952

    Timestamp: 2020-09-16 22:06:46.000000

    SCN: Not available

    Redo File:

 

  Recovery Checkpoint (position of oldest unprocessed transaction in the data source):

    Thread #: 2

    Sequence #: 35348

    RBA: 1830900240

    Timestamp: 2020-09-17 01:00:37.000000

    SCN: 3956.669812891 (16991560435867)

    Redo File: Not Available

 

  Current Checkpoint (position of last record read in the data source):

    Thread #: 2

    Sequence #: 35349

    RBA: 1162095616

    Timestamp: 2020-09-17 01:34:23.000000

    SCN: 3956.676822412 (16991567445388)

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We consider a wireless provider who caters to two classes of customers, namely primary and secondary users. Primary users have long term contracts while secondary users are admitted and priced according to current availability of excess spectrum. Secondary users accept an advertised price with a certain probability defined by an underlying demand function. We analyze the problem of maximizing profit gained by admission of secondary users. Previous studies in the field usually assume that the demand function is known and that the call length distribution is also known and exponentially distributed. In this paper, we analyze more realistic settings where both of these quantities are unknown. Our main contribution is to derive near-optimal pricing strategies under such settings. We focus on occupancy-based pricing policies, which depend only on the total number of ongoing calls in the system. We first show that such policies are insensitive to call length distribution except through the mean. Next, we introduce a new on-line, occupancy-based pricing algorithm, called Measurement-based Threshold Pricing (MTP) that operates by measuring the reaction of secondary users to a specific price and does not require the demand function to be known. MTP optimizes a profit function that depends on price only. We prove that while the profit function can be multimodal, MTP converges to one of the local optima as fast as if the function were unimodal. Lastly, we provide numerical studies demonstrating the near-optimal performance of occupancy-based policies for diverse sets of call length distributions and demand functions and the quick convergence of MTP to near-optimal on-line profit.

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