jquery作者John Resig编写的微模板引擎:JavaScript Micro-Templating

I've had a little utility that I've been kicking around for some time now that I've found to be quite useful in my JavaScript application-building endeavors. It's a super-simple templating function that is fast, caches quickly, and is easy to use. I have a couple tricks that I use to make it real fun to mess with.

Here's the source code to the templating function (a more-refined version of this code will be in my upcoming book Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja):

// Simple JavaScript Templating
// John Resig - http://ejohn.org/ - MIT Licensed
( function ( ) {
   var cache =  { };
  
   this. tmpl =  function tmpl (str, data ) {
     // Figure out if we're getting a template, or if we need to
     // load the template - and be sure to cache the result.
     var fn = ! /\W/. test (str ) ?
      cache [str ] = cache [str ] ||
        tmpl (document. getElementById (str ). innerHTML ) :
      
       // Generate a reusable function that will serve as a template
       // generator (and which will be cached).
       new  Function ( "obj",
         "var p=[],print=function(){p.push.apply(p,arguments);};" +
        
         // Introduce the data as local variables using with(){}
         "with(obj){p.push('" +
        
         // Convert the template into pure JavaScript
        str
          . replace ( /[\r\t\n]/g,  " " )
          . split ( "<%" ). join ( "\t" )
          . replace (/ ( (^|%> ) [^\t ]* ) '/g, "$1\r")
          .replace(/\t=(.*?)%>/g, "',$ 1, '")
          .split("\t").join("' ); ")
          .split("%> ").join("p. push ( '")
          .split("\r").join("\\' ")
      + " ');}return p.join(' ');");
    
    // Provide some basic currying to the user
    return data ? fn( data ) : fn;
  };
})();

You would use it against templates written like this (it doesn't have to be in this particular manner - but it's a style that I enjoy):

<script type="text/html" id="item_tmpl">
   <div id="<%=id%>" class="<%=(i % 2 == 1 ? " even" : "")%>">
    <div class="grid_1 alpha right">
      <img class="righted" src="<%=profile_image_url%>"/>
     </div>
     <div class="grid_6 omega contents">
       <p> <b> <a href="/<%=from_user%>"><%=from_user%></a>:</b> <%=text%></p>
    </div>
  </div>
</script>

You can also inline script:

<script type="text/html" id="user_tmpl">
   <% for ( var i = 0; i < users.length; i++ ) { %>
     <li> <a href="<%=users[i].url%>"><%=users[i].name%></a></li>
  <% } %>
</script>

Quick tip: Embedding scripts in your page that have a unknown content-type (such is the case here - the browser doesn't know how to execute a text/html script) are simply ignored by the browser - and by search engines and screenreaders. It's a perfect cloaking device for sneaking templates into your page. I like to use this technique for quick-and-dirty cases where I just need a little template or two on the page and want something light and fast.

and you would use it from script like so:

var results = document. getElementById ( "results" );
results. innerHTML = tmpl ( "item_tmpl", dataObject );

You could pre-compile the results for later use. If you call the templating function with only an ID (or a template code) then it'll return a pre-compiled function that you can execute later:

var show_user = tmpl ( "item_tmpl" ), html =  "";
for  (  var i =  0; i < users. length; i++  )  {
  html += show_user ( users [i ]  );
}

The biggest falling-down of the method, at this point, is the parsing/conversion code - it could probably use a little love. It does use one technique that I enjoy, though: If you're searching and replacing through a string with a static search and a static replace it's faster to perform the action with .split("match").join("replace") - which seems counter-intuitive but it manages to work that way in most modern browsers. (There are changes going in place to grossly improve the performance of .replace(/match/g, "replace") in the next version of Firefox - so the previous statement won't be the case for long.)

Feel free to have fun with it - I'd be very curious to see what mutations occur with the script. Since it's so simple it seems like there's a lot that can still be done with it.

原文地址：http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/