markdown公式大全

typora markdown常用数学编辑公式

一、基本公式

1. 上下标

$$
A_1^2
\\
B_{12}
\\
2^{x^2+y}
$$

$$\begin{gathered} A_1^2 \\ {B}_{12} \\ {2}^{x^2+y} \end{gathered}$$

2. 分数

$$\begin{gathered} \frac{x}{1+x^2} \\ \frac{\frac{1}{2}+x}{y} \\ \frac{a}{b}\frac{a}{b} \end{gathered}$$

$$
\frac{x}{1+x^2}
\\
\frac{\frac{1}{2}+x}{y}
\\
\tfrac{a}{b}
\frac{a}{b}
$$

3. 开根号

$$\sqrt{x}\sqrt[3]{x}$$

$$
\sqrt{x}
\sqrt[3]{x}
$$

4. 组合数

$$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k}\right)$$

$$
\binom{n}{k}
\tbinom{n}{k}
$$

5. 导数

$$a^{\prime }{a}^{\prime \prime }{a}^{\prime }$$

$$
a'
a''
a^{\prime}
$$

6. 取模

$$\begin{gathered} x(\mathrm{mod}a) \\ 2\mathrm{mod}x \end{gathered}$$

$$
x \pmod a
\\
2\mod{x}
$$

7. 积分

$$\begin{gathered} {\int }_1^2\underset{2}{\overset{1}{\int }}\oint \int \\ \iint \iint \iiint \iiint \end{gathered}$$

$$
\int_{1}^{2}
\intop_{2}^{1}
\oint
\smallint
\\
\iint
\oiint
\iiint
\oiiint
$$

8.微分

$$\begin{gathered} \nabla \\ \partial x \\ \mathrm{d}x \\ \dot{x} \\ \ddot{y} \\ \Delta \end{gathered}$$

$$
\nabla		
\partial x			
\mathrm{d}x	
\dot x		
\ddot y     
\Delta
$$

9.累积/累乘/极限

$$\begin{gathered} \sum _{i=1}^k\sum _{i=1}^n{\sum }_{i=1}^n \\ {\prod }_{i=1}^k\prod _{i=1}^n{\prod }_{i=1}^n \\ {\lim }_{k\to \infty }\underset{k\to \infty }{\lim }{\lim }_{k\to \infty } \end{gathered}$$

$$
\sum_{i=1}^{k}
\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n
\textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n
\\
\prod_{i=1}^{k}
\displaystyle\prod_{i=1}^n
\textstyle\prod_{i=1}^n
\\
\lim_{k \to \infty}
\lim\limits_{k \to \infty}
\lim\nolimits_{k \to \infty}]
$$

二、修饰符号

1. 简单的帽子

$$\begin{gathered} \hat{\theta }\widehat{AB} \\ \bar{y}\overline{AB} \\ \tilde{a}\widetilde{ac} \\ \bar{a}\acute{a}\check{a}\grave{a} \\ \dot{a}\ddot{a} \end{gathered}$$

$$
\hat{\theta}
\widehat{AB}
\\
\bar{y}
\overline{AB}
\\
\tilde{a}
\widetilde{ac}
\\
\bar{a}
\acute{a}
\check{a}
\grave{a}
\\
\dot{a}
\ddot{a}
$$

2. 帽子和袜子

$$\begin{gathered} \overleftarrow{AB}\overrightarrow{AB}\overleftrightarrow{AB} \\ \underleftarrow{AB}\underrightarrow{AB}\underleftrightarrow{AB} \\ \overbrace{AB}\underbrace{AB} \\ \overline{AB}\underline{AB} \end{gathered}$$

$$
\overleftarrow{AB}
\overrightarrow{AB}
\overleftrightarrow{AB}
\\
\underleftarrow{AB}
\underrightarrow{AB}
\underleftrightarrow{AB}
\\
\overbrace{AB}
\underbrace{AB}
\\
\overline{AB}
\underline{AB}
$$

3. 盒子和帽子

$$\begin{gathered} \stackrel{\text{note}}{\overbrace{a+b+c}} \\ \underset{\text{note}}{\underbrace{a+b+c}} \\ \boxed{\pi =3.14} \end{gathered}$$

$$
\overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}
\\
\underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}
\\
\boxed{\pi=3.14}
$$

4. 各种括号

$$((\left(\right(($$

$$
(
\big(
\Big(
\bigg(
\Bigg(
$$

[ ] < > ∣ − 2 ∣ { } [] <> |-2| \{\} []<>∣−2∣{}

$$
[]
<>
|-2|
\{\}
$$

$$⟮x⟯\Vert a\Vert \lceil 2.6\rceil \lfloor 1.2\rfloor$$

$$
\lgroup x \rgroup
\lVert a \rVert
\lceil 2.6 \rceil
\lfloor 1.2 \rfloor

$$┌┐└┘$$

\ulcorner
\urcorner
\llcorner
\lrcorner

三、希腊字母

$$

No.	Lowercase	Uppercase	English	IPA
$1$	$\alpha$	$A$	$alpha$	/'ælfə/
$2$	$\beta$	$B$	$beta$	/'bi:tə/or/'beɪtə/
$3$	$\gamma$	$\Gamma$	$gamma$	/'gæmə/
$4$	$\delta$	$\Delta$	$delta$	/'deltə/
$5$	$ϵ$	$E$	$epsilon$	/'epsɪlɒn/
$6$	$\zeta$	$Z$	$zeta$	/'zi:tə/
$7$	$\eta$	$H$	$eta$	/'i:tə/
$8$	$\theta$	$\Theta$	$theta$	/'θi:tə/
$9$	$\iota$	$I$	$iota$	/aɪ’əʊtə/
$10$	$\kappa$	$K$	$kappa$	/'kæpə/
$11$	$\lambda$	$\lambda$	$lambda$	/'læmdə/
$12$	$\mu$	$M$	$mu$	/mju:/
$13$	$\nu$	$N$	$nu$	/nju:/
$14$	$\xi$	$\Xi$	$xi$	/ksi/or/'zaɪ/or/'ksaɪ/
$15$	$o$	$O$	$omicron$	/əu’maikrən/or/'ɑmɪ,krɑn/
$16$	$\pi$	$\Pi$	$pi$	/paɪ/
$17$	$\rho$	$P$	$rho$	/rəʊ/
$18$	$\sigma$	$\Sigma$	$sigma$	/'sɪɡmə/
$19$	$\tau$	$T$	$tau$	/tɔ:/or/taʊ/
$20$	$\upsilon$	${\rm Y}$	$upsilon$	/'ipsilon/or/'ʌpsilɒn/
$21$	$\varphi$	$\Phi$	$phi$	/faɪ/
$22$	$\chi$	$X$	$chi$	/kaɪ/
$23$	$\psi$	$\Psi$	$psi$	/psaɪ/
$24$	$\omega$	$\Omega$	$omega$	/'əʊmɪɡə/or/oʊ’meɡə/
$$

四、算术运算符号

$$+\times /÷\cdot \#\%$$

+
-
\times
/
\div
\cdot
\#
\%

$$\circ \ast \star \otimes \oplus \odot$$

\circ
\ast
\star
\otimes
\oplus
\odot

$$\pm \mp \dotplus \divideontimes$$

\pm
\mp
\dotplus
\divideontimes

五、比较运算符

$$=/\equiv \approx \approxeq \cong \sim \ne \ne$$

=
= \not
\equiv
\approx
\approxeq
\cong
\sim
\neq
\not=

$<$
$>$
$\le$
$\ge$
$\gg$
$\ll$

<
>
\le
\ge
\gg
\ll

$$⋞⋟\prec \succ ⪯⪰$$

\curlyeqprec
\curlyeqsucc
\prec
\succ
\preceq
\succeq

六、集合运算符

$$\begin{gathered} \in \ni \not\subset /\supset \subseteq \supseteq \\ \cap \cup \wedge \vee \\ \neg \varnothing \varnothing \\ \because \forall \exists \therefore \end{gathered}$$

\in
\owns \not
\subset \not
\supset
\subseteq
\supseteq
\\
\cap
\cup
\land
\lor
\\
\neg
\emptyset
\varnothing
\\
\because
\forall
\exists
\therefore

$$\cap \cup \wedge \vee \bigsqcup \sqcap$$

\cap
\cup
\land
\lor
\sqcup
\sqcap

七、各种箭头

$$\begin{gathered} \leftarrow \leftarrow \to \to \leftrightarrow \\ \uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \end{gathered}$$

\gets
\leftarrow
\to
\rightarrow
\leftrightarrow
\\
\uparrow
\downarrow
\updownarrow

$$\begin{gathered} \Leftarrow \Rightarrow \iff ⟺ \\ \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \end{gathered}$$

\Leftarrow
\Rightarrow
\Leftrightarrow
\iff
\\
\Uparrow
\Downarrow
\Updownarrow

$$\nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow$$

\nearrow
\searrow
\swarrow
\nwarrow

$$⟵⟶⟷⟸⟹⟺⟼$$

\longleftarrow
\longrightarrow
\longleftrightarrow
\Longleftarrow
\Longrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow
\longmapsto

$$\stackrel{over}{\to }\underset{over}{\to }\underset{under}{\overset{over}{\to }}\stackrel{over}{\leftarrow }\underset{under}{\leftarrow }\underset{under}{\overset{over}{\leftarrow }}$$

\xrightarrow{over}
\xrightarrow[over]{}
\xrightarrow[under]{over}
\xleftarrow[]{over}
\xleftarrow[under]{}
\xleftarrow[under]{over}

七、空间间距

$$\begin{gathered} AB \\ AB \\ AB \\ AB \\ AB \\ AB \\ AB \\ AB \end{gathered}$$

A\!B
\\
AB
\\
A\thinspace B
\\
A\:B
\\
A\ B
\\
A \enspace B
\\
A\quad B
\\
A\qquad B

八、矩阵

$$A=\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}$$

A = \begin{matrix}
a & b\\
c & d
\end{matrix}

$$B=\left(\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right)$$

B = \begin{pmatrix}
a & b\\
c & d
\end{pmatrix}

$$C=\left|\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right|$$

C = \begin{vmatrix}
a & b\\
c & d
\end{vmatrix}

$$D=\left[\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right]$$

D = \begin{bmatrix}
a & b\\
c & d
\end{bmatrix}

$$E=\Vert \begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\Vert$$

E = \begin{Vmatrix}
a & b\\
c & d
\end{Vmatrix}

$$F=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right\}$$

F = \begin{Bmatrix}
a & b\\
c & d
\end{Bmatrix}

$$[Ab]=\left[\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{cccc}{a}_{11}& a_{12}& a_{13}& b_1\\ a_{21}& a_{22}& a_{23}& b_2\\ a_{31}& a_{32}& a_{33}& b_3\end{array}\end{array}\right]$$

[A\ b] = 
\begin{bmatrix}
\begin{array}{c c c|c}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} & b_1\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} & b_2\\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33} & b_3\\
\end{array}
\end{bmatrix}

$$\begin{array}{ccc}a& b& c\\ d& e& f\\ g& h& i\end{array}$$

\begin{array}{c:c:c}
a & b & c \\ 
\hline
d & e & f \\
\hdashline
 g & h & i
\end{array}

$$L_{n\times n}=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{a}_{11}& a_{12}& \cdots & a_{1n}\\ a_{21}& a_{22}& \cdots & a_{2n}\\ ⋮& ⋮& \ddots & ⋮\\ a_{n1}& a_{n2}& \cdots & a_{nn}\end{array}\right]$$

L_{n\times n} = \begin{bmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} \\ 
a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots & a_{2n} \\ 
\vdots & \vdots &\ddots & \vdots\\
a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} \\ 
\end{bmatrix}

八、列式/方程组

$$\begin{array}{rl}f(x)& =(x+1{)}^2\\ & =x^2+2x+1\end{array}$$

\begin{aligned}
f(x) &= (x+1)^2\\
&= x^2 + 2x + 1
\end{aligned}

$$f(x)=\{\begin{array}{ll}a& \text{if b}\\ b& \text{if a}\end{array}$$

f(x) = \begin{cases}
a &\text{if b}\\
b &\text{if a}\\
\end{cases}

$$\{\begin{array}{l}\begin{array}{rl}x+2y& =1\\ 3x-y& =5\end{array}\end{array}$$

\begin{cases}
\begin{aligned}
x + 2y &= 1\\
3x - y &= 5
\end{aligned}
\end{cases}

$$g(x,y)=\{\begin{array}{rcl}d& & b\le f(x,y)\le M_f\\ F_L^{\ast }& & S_L\le 0<S_M\\ F_R^{\ast }& & S_M\le 0<S_R\\ F_R& & S_R\le 0\end{array}$$

g(x,y)=\left\{
\begin{array}{rcl}
\frac{M_g - d}{M_f-b}[f(x,y)-b]+d       &      & {b      \leq  f(x,y)  \leq M_f}\\
F^*_L     &      & {S_L \leq 0 < S_M}\\
F^*_R     &      & {S_M \leq 0 < S_R}\\
F_R       &      & {S_R \leq 0}
\end{array} \right.

#九、修改颜色和字体大小

$$\begin{gathered} F=ma \\ F=ma \\ F=ma \\ oneline \\ nothing \end{gathered}$$

\textcolor{blue}{F=ma}
\\
\textcolor{#00ff00}{F=ma}
\\
\textcolor{#ff0000}{F=ma}
\\
\color{blue} one\ line
\\
nothing

$$\begin{gathered} F=ma \\ A \\ \boxed{A} \end{gathered}$$

\colorbox{#00ff00}{F=ma}
\\
\colorbox{aqua}{A}
\\
\fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{A}

$$\begin{gathered} ABABAB \\ ABABABAB \\ ABABAB \end{gathered}$$

AB
\Huge AB
\huge AB
\\
AB
\LARGE AB
\Large AB
\large AB
\\
AB
\small AB
\tiny AB

十、划掉

$$\cancel{5}\bcancel{5}\xcancel{ABC}\ne$$

\cancel{5}
\bcancel{5}
\xcancel{ABC}
\not =

十一、常见图形

$$\square \square ■△▽▲\diamond ◊\star ★\circ \bullet ◯⨀$$

\Box
\square
\blacksquare
\triangle
\triangledown
\blacktriangle
\diamond
\Diamond
\star
\bigstar
\circ
\bullet
\bigcirc
\bigodot

$$♢♣♡♠$$

\diamondsuit
\clubsuit
\heartsuit
\spadesuit

$$\angle \measuredangle \top \perp \infty$$

\angle
\measuredangle
\top
\bot
\infty

$$✓†‡\yen \$$$

\checkmark
\dagger
\ddagger
\yen
\$

十二、声明宏

对于一些复杂但是只有少许不同的表达式，可以声明一个函数来调用，提高源码的可读性，减少出错

\def\macroname#1#2{
your command
}

宏允许带任意数量的参数（也可以不带参），必须是#1,#2,……这样的命名格式，同时注意再定义宏的时候注意让#1与\中间隔一个空格，否则会解析成#。再调用的时候格式为\macroname{x}{y}{z}，可以参考一下的例子
$$\begin{gathered} f(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }{\sigma }_1}\exp [-\frac{(x-u_1{)}^2}{2{\sigma }_1^2}] \\ f(y)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }{\sigma }_2}\exp [-\frac{(y-u_2{)}^2}{2{\sigma }_2^2}] \end{gathered}$$

\def\Normal#1#2#3{
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\ #3}\exp{[-\frac{(#1 - #2)^2}{2\ #3^2}]}
}
f(x)=\Normal{x}{u_1}{\sigma_1}\\
f(y)=\Normal{y}{u_2}{\sigma_2}\\

$$e^x=1+x+\frac{1}{2!}{x}^2+\frac{1}{3!}{x}^3+\cdots$$

\def\EXP{
e^x = 1 + x + \frac{1}{2!}x^2 + \frac{1}{3!}x^3  + \cdots
}
\EXP

参考一