android bitmap缓存机制(下)

上篇文章说明了图片的加载时，要注意大小问题，和并发的处理问题

下面我们再说明一下bitmap的缓存机制

缓存有两种，一种是内存缓存，较快，但是大小有限

一种是硬盘缓存，较慢，但是空间较大

内存缓存主要是使用一个LruCache类，它可以存储一个键值对，也就是存储图片id和图片的bitmap对象

LruCache<String, Bitmap>

基本原理就是每次加载图片前，先判断是否在LruCache里面缓存了图片，有直接拿出来，没有再去加载，把加载后的图片缓存到LruCache里面用于下次的使用

private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache;
 
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    // Get memory class of this device, exceeding this amount will throw an
    // OutOfMemory exception.
    final int memClass = ((ActivityManager) context.getSystemService(
            Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE)).getMemoryClass();
 
    // Use 1/8th of the available memory for this memory cache.
    final int cacheSize = 1024 * 1024 * memClass / 8;
 
    mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {
        @Override
        protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
            // The cache size will be measured in bytes rather than number of items.
            return bitmap.getByteCount();
        }
    };
    ...
}
 
public void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
    if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) {
        mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap);
    }
}
 
public Bitmap getBitmapFromMemCache(String key) {
    return mMemoryCache.get(key);
}

硬盘缓存使用的是DIskLruCache类，这是google推荐的一个类，其实本质也是跟内存缓存一样

private DiskLruCache mDiskLruCache;
private final Object mDiskCacheLock = new Object();
private boolean mDiskCacheStarting = true;
private static final int DISK_CACHE_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 10; // 10MB
private static final String DISK_CACHE_SUBDIR = "thumbnails";
 
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    // Initialize memory cache
    ...
    // Initialize disk cache on background thread
    File cacheDir = getDiskCacheDir(this, DISK_CACHE_SUBDIR);
    new InitDiskCacheTask().execute(cacheDir);
    ...
}
 
class InitDiskCacheTask extends AsyncTask<File, Void, Void> {
    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground(File... params) {
        synchronized (mDiskCacheLock) {
            File cacheDir = params[0];
            mDiskLruCache = DiskLruCache.open(cacheDir, DISK_CACHE_SIZE);
            mDiskCacheStarting = false; // Finished initialization
            mDiskCacheLock.notifyAll(); // Wake any waiting threads
        }
        return null;
    }
}
 
class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask<Integer, Void, Bitmap> {
    ...
    // Decode image in background.
    @Override
    protected Bitmap doInBackground(Integer... params) {
        final String imageKey = String.valueOf(params[0]);
 
        // Check disk cache in background thread
        Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromDiskCache(imageKey);
 
        if (bitmap == null) { // Not found in disk cache
            // Process as normal
            final Bitmap bitmap = decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(
                    getResources(), params[0], 100, 100));
        }
 
        // Add final bitmap to caches
        addBitmapToCache(imageKey, bitmap);
 
        return bitmap;
    }
    ...
}
 
public void addBitmapToCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
    // Add to memory cache as before
    if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) {
        mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap);
    }
 
    // Also add to disk cache
    synchronized (mDiskCacheLock) {
        if (mDiskLruCache != null && mDiskLruCache.get(key) == null) {
            mDiskLruCache.put(key, bitmap);
        }
    }
}
 
public Bitmap getBitmapFromDiskCache(String key) {
    synchronized (mDiskCacheLock) {
        // Wait while disk cache is started from background thread
        while (mDiskCacheStarting) {
            try {
                mDiskCacheLock.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
        }
        if (mDiskLruCache != null) {
            return mDiskLruCache.get(key);
        }
    }
    return null;
}
 
// Creates a unique subdirectory of the designated app cache directory. Tries to use external
// but if not mounted, falls back on internal storage.
public static File getDiskCacheDir(Context context, String uniqueName) {
    // Check if media is mounted or storage is built-in, if so, try and use external cache dir
    // otherwise use internal cache dir
    final String cachePath =
            Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment.getExternalStorageState()) ||
                    !isExternalStorageRemovable() ? getExternalCacheDir(context).getPath() :
                            context.getCacheDir().getPath();
 
    return new File(cachePath + File.separator + uniqueName);
}

OK，缓存机制就是上面，下面再讨论一个问题，就是配置更改的处理，例如activity的重建，或者横屏，这时会重新加载图片，造成浪费，我们可以把这些图片给缓存起来

保留原来缓存的方法是:可以通过使用Fragment传递到信的Activity(活动)实例，这个Fragment可以调用setRetainInstance(true)方法保留下来。在Activity(活动)被重新创建后，你可以在上面的Fragment中访问到已经存在的缓存对象，使得图片能快加载并重新填充到ImageView对象中。

private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache;
 
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    RetainFragment mRetainFragment =
            RetainFragment.findOrCreateRetainFragment(getFragmentManager());
    mMemoryCache = RetainFragment.mRetainedCache;
    if (mMemoryCache == null) {
        mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {
            ... // Initialize cache here as usual
        }
        mRetainFragment.mRetainedCache = mMemoryCache;
    }
    ...
}
 
class RetainFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final String TAG = "RetainFragment";
    public LruCache<String, Bitmap> mRetainedCache;
 
    public RetainFragment() {}
 
    public static RetainFragment findOrCreateRetainFragment(FragmentManager fm) {
        RetainFragment fragment = (RetainFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(TAG);
        if (fragment == null) {
            fragment = new RetainFragment();
        }
        return fragment;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setRetainInstance(true);
    }
}

最后我们再来谈论一下viepager,gridview

滑动浏览模式(Swipe View Pattern)是一种很好的浏览详细图片的方式。你可以使用ViewPager组件配合PagerAdapter(适配器)来实现这种模式。然而，更加合适的适配器是FragmentStatePagerAdapter，它可以在ViewPager退出屏幕的时候自动销毁并存储Fragments的状态，使得内存依然保留下来。

        注意：如果你只有少量的图片，并且确信它们不会超出程序的内存限制，使用常规的PagerAdapter或者FragmentPagerAdapter或许更加合适。

public class ImageDetailActivity extends FragmentActivity {
    public static final String EXTRA_IMAGE = "extra_image";
 
    private ImagePagerAdapter mAdapter;
    private ViewPager mPager;
 
    // A static dataset to back the ViewPager adapter
    public final static Integer[] imageResIds = new Integer[] {
            R.drawable.sample_image_1, R.drawable.sample_image_2, R.drawable.sample_image_3,
            R.drawable.sample_image_4, R.drawable.sample_image_5, R.drawable.sample_image_6,
            R.drawable.sample_image_7, R.drawable.sample_image_8, R.drawable.sample_image_9};
 
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.image_detail_pager); // Contains just a ViewPager
 
        mAdapter = new ImagePagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager(), imageResIds.length);
        mPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.pager);
        mPager.setAdapter(mAdapter);
    }
 
    public static class ImagePagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
        private final int mSize;
 
        public ImagePagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm, int size) {
            super(fm);
            mSize = size;
        }
 
        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return mSize;
        }
 
        @Override
        public Fragment getItem(int position) {
            return ImageDetailFragment.newInstance(position);
        }
    }
}

public class ImageDetailFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final String IMAGE_DATA_EXTRA = "resId";
    private int mImageNum;
    private ImageView mImageView;
 
    static ImageDetailFragment newInstance(int imageNum) {
        final ImageDetailFragment f = new ImageDetailFragment();
        final Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putInt(IMAGE_DATA_EXTRA, imageNum);
        f.setArguments(args);
        return f;
    }
 
    // Empty constructor, required as per Fragment docs
    public ImageDetailFragment() {}
 
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mImageNum = getArguments() != null ? getArguments().getInt(IMAGE_DATA_EXTRA) : -1;
    }
 
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // image_detail_fragment.xml contains just an ImageView
        final View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.image_detail_fragment, container, false);
        mImageView = (ImageView) v.findViewById(R.id.imageView);
        return v;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        final int resId = ImageDetailActivity.imageResIds[mImageNum];
        mImageView.setImageResource(resId); // Load image into ImageView
    }
}