SpringMVC 入门知识简介以及基于注解的使用方法

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一、MVC架构模式简介

二、SpringMVC简介

1、什么是SpringMVC

2、SpringMVC中的重要组件

3、SpringMVC工作流程

SpringMVC的工作流程如下：

三、SpringMVC的基本使用

1、jar包依赖

2、springmvc.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

</beans>

3、配置前端控制器DispatcherServlet

修改web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">


<!--    配置SpringMVC的前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4、创建Contorller处理请求

创建Controller

public class DemoController implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.setViewName("/index.jsp");
        modelAndView.addObject("msg","Hello SpringMVC");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

配置Contorller

<!--    配置Controller-->
    <bean id="/demo" class="com.bjsxt.web.controller.DemoController"/>

四、SpringMVC基于注解的使用方式

1、注解介绍

1.1、@Controller

@Controller注解用于指定Bean对象为控制器。

1.2、@RequestMapping

@RequestMapping用于将一个URL绑定到类上或类的方法中。

2、注解的使用

2.1、搭建环境

2.2、配置前端控制器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">


<!--    配置SpringMVC的前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

2.3、创建控制器

@Controller
//http://localhost:8888/springmvcanndemo/suibian/ann
@RequestMapping("/suibian")
public class AnnController {

    //http://localhost:8888/springmvcanndemo/ann
    @RequestMapping("/ann")
    public ModelAndView annDemo(){
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.setViewName("/index.jsp");
        modelAndView.addObject("annmsg","Hello SpringMVC-ann");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

2.4、配置注解扫描

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bjsxt.web.controller"/>
</beans>

3、配置注解驱动

3.1、添加mvc命名空间

xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd

3.2、配置注解驱动

<!--    配置注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>