NLP 自然语言处理(Natural Language Processing)

0. 前言

跟着师兄做知识图谱相关课题,果然知识图谱还是🉐和NLP结合,那就来把,先过一遍NLP。

1. 理解词语

  • 词向量
    把词映射到空间中,根据夹角、距离和长短等判断词的相似性。

  • Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW)
    前后的词预测中间的词

  • Skip-Gram
    中间的词预测前后的词

  • 损失函数
    损失函数通过正采样和负采样设定,tf.nn.nce_loss抽样选取来传递loss

2. 理解句子

  • 句向量
    通过模型,得到的机器对于一句话的理解,对于这个理解,也就是向量,使用的方法不止一种。

  • Encoding
    得到词向量之后,使用神经网络做复杂乘法运算得到句向量,也就是把多个词空间向量通过神经网络映射到另一个空间做句向量。
    Encoding过程类似压缩的过程,将大量复杂的信息,压缩成少量经典的信息,通过这个途径找到信息的精华部分。

  • Decoding
    Encoding得到的句向量就是机器对句子的理解,那么可以用另一个神经网络对句向量做各种各样的解码操作。
    简而言之,Encoder负责理解上文,Decoder负责将思考怎么样在理解的句子的基础上做任务。

  • Seq2Seq
    seq2seq属于encoder-decoder结构的一种,常见的encoder-decoder结构,基本思想就是利用两个RNN,一个RNN作为encoder,另一个RNN作为decoder。encoder负责将输入序列压缩成指定长度的向量,这个向量就可以看成是这个序列的语义,这个过程称为编码,而decoder则负责根据语义向量生成指定的序列,这个过程也称为解码。Seq2Seq

Python Natural Language Processing by Jalaj Thanaki English | 31 July 2017 | ISBN: 1787121429 | ASIN: B072B8YWCJ | 486 Pages | AZW3 | 11.02 MB Key Features Implement Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques for efficient natural language processing Get started with NLTK and implement NLP in your applications with ease Understand and interpret human languages with the power of text analysis via Python Book Description This book starts off by laying the foundation for Natural Language Processing and why Python is one of the best options to build an NLP-based expert system with advantages such as Community support, availability of frameworks and so on. Later it gives you a better understanding of available free forms of corpus and different types of dataset. After this, you will know how to choose a dataset for natural language processing applications and find the right NLP techniques to process sentences in datasets and understand their structure. You will also learn how to tokenize different parts of sentences and ways to analyze them. During the course of the book, you will explore the semantic as well as syntactic analysis of text. You will understand how to solve various ambiguities in processing human language and will come across various scenarios while performing text analysis. You will learn the very basics of getting the environment ready for natural language processing, move on to the initial setup, and then quickly understand sentences and language parts. You will learn the power of Machine Learning and Deep Learning to extract information from text data. By the end of the book, you will have a clear understanding of natural language processing and will have worked on multiple examples that implement NLP in the real world. What you will learn Focus on Python programming paradigms, which are used to develop NLP applications Understand corpus analysis and different types of data attribute. Learn NLP using Python libraries such as NLTK, Polyglot,
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