Android USB Tethering
Tethering means sharing the Internet connection of an Internet-capable mobile phone with other devices. This sharing can be offered over a wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), or over Bluetooth, or by physical connection using a cable (Tethering).
Our focus in this article will be the USB tethering.
Your Android mobile phone can behave as an external network interface usbN, connected via the USB infrastructure. The usbN interface is in turn connected to the mobile phone LAN, providing dhcp server, DNS server, gateway and so on.
That's how your mobile phone can provide an Internet connection to another device.
Android phones are already equipped to provide this functionality. Simply connect the USB cable and go to Settings -> Wireless settings -> Tethering -> Tethering USB.
What you need is some kernel and network configuration on the other side (e.g. your laptop).
Contents
Kernel configuration
General setup ---> [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers Device Drivers ---> [*] Network device support ---> USB Network Adapters ---> [*] Multi-purpose USB Networking Framework <M> CDC Ethernet support <M> CDC EEM support <M> Simple USB Network Links (CDC Ethernet subset) <M> Host for RNDIS and ActiveSync devices [*] Embedded ARM Linux links
Device Drivers ---> [*] Network device support ---> USB Network Adapters ---> [M] Multi-purpose USB Networking Framework <M> CDC Ethernet support <M> CDC EEM support [M] Simple USB Network Links (CDC Ethernet subset) [*] Embedded ARM Linux links
You can either build the options in the kernel or leave them as module.
The RNDIS option seems to be needed in some situation only. See this thread to learn more.
Tested Devices
- Google Nexus One (Android 2.3.6 build GRK39F)
- Google Nexus 4 (Android 4.3 build JWR66Y - uses rndis_host)
- HTC One M7 (Sense 5.5, Android 4.3, Software number 3.62.401.1,HTC SDK API level 5.65 - I used rndis_host, cdc_ether and usbnet modules ONLY to get it to work)
- LG P350 (Android 2.2.1 build FRG83)
- LG E400 (Android 2.3.6 build GRK39F)
- LG L7 P705 (Android 4.1.2 build JZO54K)
- Motorola Defy (Android 2.3.7 Cyanogenmod 7)
- Motorola Moto G 4G 2013 (1st Gen) (Android 5.1) -- needed rndis_host module -- User:mercuriete
- Samsung Galaxy S i9000
- Samsung Galaxy Nexus i9250 (Android 4.0.1 ITL41D)
- Samsung Galaxy S2
- Samsung Galaxy S3 (GT-I9300 Android 4.3 Stock Rom)
- Sony Xperia Go (St27i Android 4.1.2 Stock Rom build no 6.2.A.1.100 -- needed rndis_host module for me - User:LordVan )
- HTC Desire HD (Android 2.3.6 Stock Rom build and Android 4.4.4 (unofficial CyanogenMod 11) -- needed rndis_host module for both Roms)
- Huawei Honor 4x (unofficial CyanogenMod 11 / Android 4.4.4, works great) -- needed rndis_host module AleiPhoenix (talk) 13:57, 3 July 2015 (UTC)
- Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini Duos (GT-I9192, unofficial CyanogenMod 12.1 / Android 5.1) -- needed rndis_host module
Testing
root #
dmesg
usb 1-7: New USB device found, idVendor=18d1, idProduct=4e13 usb 1-7: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 usb 1-7: Product: Nexus One usb 1-7: Manufacturer: Google, Inc. usb 1-7: SerialNumber: HT9CSP803294 usb 1-7: usb_probe_device usb 1-7: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice usb 1-7: adding 1-7:1.0 (config #1, interface 0) rndis_host 1-7:1.0: usb_probe_interface rndis_host 1-7:1.0: usb_probe_interface - got id rndis_host 1-7:1.0: usb0: register 'rndis_host' at usb-0000:00:1d.7-7, RNDIS device, ea:61:37:88:a2:e5 usb 1-7: adding 1-7:1.1 (config #1, interface 1) drivers/usb/core/inode.c: creating file '004' hub 1-0:1.0: state 7 ports 8 chg 0000 evt fe80 uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: reserve dev 2 ep81-INT, period 8, phase 4, 93 us usb 1-7: link qh32-0001/ffff88021aa4bc80 start 1 [1/0 us] usb0: no IPv6 routers present
root #
ifconfig -a
If you see usb0 (or whatever number you'll get) you are all set.
Connecting
Since the mobile phone LAN changes its addresses, you need a DHCP client to configure the usbN device.
If you are on a laptop, you probably have a DHCP client. If not, emerge net-misc/dhcpcd.
root #
emerge --ask net-misc/dhcpcd
Manually
Simply run dhcpcd after plug/mobile activation.
root #
dhcpcd usb0
Permanent configuration
Edit your /etc/conf.d/net to have a permanent, automatic activation of the interface.
root #
echo "config_usb0=\"dhcp\"" >> /etc/conf.d/net
Once plugged in and activated on the mobile phone side, the usb0 will be up and configured.
Checks
Run the usual checks to verify your connection.
root #
ifconfig usb0
root #
route
root #
cat /etc/resolv.conf
Advanced network settings
The DHCP is very quick, but the default settings don't give you as much freedom as you may want.
A possible scenario is that you are in a corporate, protected LAN context that doesn't give you the Internet connection but where you need to stay connected to have access to some Intranet resource.
Or maybe you have a free but limited connection (a public wifi allowing http only, an evil firewall, etc.). Since mobile connections could be expensive, you could want to save your money up using the tethering only when needed.
Here is a handful of examples about the DHCP usage.
If you want to limit the information set by DHPC, you can fine-tune its behaviour.
E.g.:
root #
dhcpcd --nogateway --nohook resolv.conf --nohook hostname usb0
This will let your default gateway, resolv.conf and hostname as they are, letting you provide extra info by hand.
E.g.:
root #
route add -host my_sshd_remote_host_IP dev usb0
Finally, you can permanently configure your USB network interface.
E.g.
/etc/conf.d/net
config_usb0="dhcp" dhcpcd_usb0="--nogateway --nohook resolv.conf --nohook hostname" # Special hosts postup() { if [[ "usb0" == ${IFACE} ]]; then route add -host my_sshd_remote_host_IP dev usb0 fi }
Generally, you can avoid every DHCP setting (see the man page) but gather them with
root #
dhcpcd -U usb0
Then you can set what you want in the postup hook.
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