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Tiles框架是Struts的一个插件。我们可以使用Tiles框架来进行页面布局设计。Tiles框架提供了一种模板机制,它可以将网页内容和布局分离,并允许先创建模板,然后在页面中再插入具体的内容。
一、安装Tiles框架
为了使用Tiles,我们必须首先在struts-config.xml文件中声明Tiles,配置代码如下:
< set-property property ="definitions-config" value ="/WEB-INF/tiles-defs.xml" />
</ plug-in >
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:""@宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ @page {} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->
其中org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesPlugin类只需要设置一个definitions-config属性。这个属性值指向了一个定义文件tiles-defs.xml。这个定义文件的基本格式如下:
<! DOCTYPEtiles-definitionsPUBLIC
"-//ApacheSoftwareFoundation//DTDTilesConfiguration1.1//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_1_1.dtd" >
< tiles-definitions >
< definition name ="def1" path ="/tiles/layout1.jsp" >
< put name ="title" value ="我的标题" />
< put name ="header" value ="header.jsp" />
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
</ definition >
< definition name ="def2" path ="/tiles/layout1.jsp" >
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
</ definition >
</ tiles-definitions >
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:""@宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ @page {} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->
其中<tiles-definitions>元素中可以包含多个<definition>子元素。我们还可以将一个定义文件拆成多个定义文件,如A-defs.xml、B-defs.xml和C-defs.xml。在为definitions-config属性赋值时,如果有多个定义文件,中间用逗号(,)分割。如下面的代码所示:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:""@宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ @page {} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->Tiles框架还有一个定制标签库。我们可以使用如下的taglib指令来声明这个标签库:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:""@宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ @page {} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->
二、<jsp:include>和<tiles:insert>标签
由于在编写Web程序的过程中,很多页面会出现同样的内容,如所有的页面都使用同样的的页头和页尾。在JSP标签库中提供了一个include标签可以将其他的页面包含到当前的页面中,如我们可以使用如下的代码包含页头和页尾。![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
< jsp:include page ="header.jsp" />
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
< jsp:include page ="footer.jsp" />
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:""@宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ @page {} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->
在Tiles框架的标签库中也提供了一个insert标签。这个标签也可以完成和include同样的工作。如上述代码也可以写成如下形式:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
< tiles:insert page ="header.jsp" />
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
< tiles:insert page ="footer.jsp" />
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} @font-face {font-family:""@宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ @page {} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->
虽然include和insert标签都可以很好地解决代码重用问题,但是并不能完全避免代码重复的问题。如很多使用include或insert标签的页面也拥有很多类似或相同的代码。如使用css布局、用table、div等HTML元素进行位置控制等。如果想避免这些代码的重复。光使用include或insert标签是无法做到的。而要想做到这一点,就要使用下一篇文章中介绍的Tiles模板。
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