One-Day Study Shell: Part 1 The first Shell & Shell Variable & String & Array & Comment

The first Shell

• Create a new file “hello.sh”, write codes :

#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello Shell !"

• Run Shell: cd to the directory of the file "hello.sh"

执行Bash脚本文件方法：

chmod +x ./hello.sh
./hello.sh 

第二种：

sh hello.sh
or
bash hello.sh 

• Output:

Shell Variable

• Rule1: Only English,number(cannot be the first), and_
• Rule2: No space
• Rule3: No punctuation(,./~…)
• Rule4:No keywords in bash(bash --help)

Valid variable
KATHY
Kathy_Wang
_kathy
kathy16

Invalid variable
16kathy
?kathy

• Define variables

# no sapce between variable name and "="
name="kathy"

• Assign value to variable

#1.direct assign value
name="kathy"
#2.use statement 
for file in $(ls /sys)

• Use variable : echo $variable

name="kathy"
#Method 1
echo $name
#Method 2
echo ${name}

• Read-only variable
  use readonly to set the variable to read-only variable, the value of read-only variable can not be changed

#!/bin/bash
name="kathy"
echo ${name}
readonly name
name="keke"

• Delete variable unset variable_name

#!/bin/bash
name="kathy"
unset name
echo ${name}

• Variable types
  1.Local variable
  2.Environment variable
  3.shell variable

Shell String

• Apostrophe ''
  Just output in ‘’, cannot use variable

#!/bin/bash
name="kathy"
str='Your name is \"$name\"! \n'
echo $str

• Double quotes'' ''
  Can use variable and escape character

#!/bin/bash
name="kathy"
str="Your name is \"$name\"! \n"
echo $str

• Get string length echo ${#string_name}

#!/bin/bash
str="name"
echo ${#str}

• Extract substring echo ${string_name:from:to}

#!/bin/bash
str="What is your name?"
echo ${str:2:6}

• Find string `echo expr index "$string_name" wanted_char

#!/bin/bash
str="What is your name?"
echo `expr index "$str" t`

Shell Array

bash supports just one-dimensional array(no multi-dimensional array), and there is no limit to the size of the array.

• Define array array_name=(value0 value1 value2)

# Method1
array_name=(
value0
value1
value2
)

#Method2
array_name[0]=value0
array_name[1]=value1
array_name[2]=value2

• Read array ${array_name[index]}
  Get all elements in array by echo ${array_name[@]}

#!/bin/bash
array_name=(name age school)
echo ${array_name[1]}

#!/bin/bash
array_name=(name age school)
echo ${array_name[@]}

• Get array length ${#array_name[@]}

#!/bin/bash
array_name=(name age school)
_1st_method_array_length=${#array_name[@]}
_2nd_method_array_length=${#array_name[*]}
single_element_length=${#array_name[2]}
echo ${_1st_method_array_length}
echo ${_2nd_method_array_length}
echo ${single_element_length}

Shell Comment

• Add #to each line

#-------------------------
#Name
#author:
#site:
#-------------------------
##### start #####
#
#
# some comments
##### end  #####

• Multi-line comment

:<<EOF
Comment content...
Comment content...
Comment content...
EOF