一谈到Autolayout,初学者肯定想到的是IB中使用拖拽啊,pin啊各种鼠标操作来进行添加各种约束。
今天我们要聊得是如何利用代码来添加视图间的约束。
我们来看一个例子:
(Objective-C代码)
UIView* v1 = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 111, 132, 194)];
v1.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:1 green:.4 blue:1 alpha:1];
UIView* v2 = [UIView new];
v2.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:.5 green:1 blue:0 alpha:1];
UIView* v3 = [UIView new];
v3.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:1 green:0 blue:0 alpha:1];
[mainview addSubview: v1];
[v1 addSubview: v2];
[v1 addSubview: v3];
v2.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
v3.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
[v1 addConstraint:
[NSLayoutConstraint
constraintWithItem:v2 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
relatedBy:0
toItem:v1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
multiplier:1 constant:0]];
[v1 addConstraint:
[NSLayoutConstraint
constraintWithItem:v2 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
relatedBy:0
toItem:v1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
multiplier:1 constant:0]];
[v1 addConstraint:
[NSLayoutConstraint
constraintWithItem:v2 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop
relatedBy:0
toItem:v1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop
multiplier:1 constant:0]];
[v2 addConstraint:
[NSLayoutConstraint
constraintWithItem:v2 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
relatedBy:0
toItem:nil attribute:0
multiplier:1 constant:10]];
[v3 addConstraint:
[NSLayoutConstraint
constraintWithItem:v3 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
relatedBy:0
toItem:nil attribute:0
multiplier:1 constant:20]];
[v3 addConstraint:
[NSLayoutConstraint
constraintWithItem:v3 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
relatedBy:0
toItem:nil attribute:0
multiplier:1 constant:20]];
[v1 addConstraint:
[NSLayoutConstraint
constraintWithItem:v3 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
relatedBy:0
toItem:v1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
multiplier:1 constant:0]];
[v1 addConstraint:
[NSLayoutConstraint
constraintWithItem:v3 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom
relatedBy:0
toItem:v1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom
multiplier:1 constant:0]];
(Swift代码 iOS9)
let v1 = UIView(frame:CGRectMake(100, 111, 132, 194))
v1.backgroundColor = UIColor(red: 1, green: 0.4, blue: 1, alpha: 1)
let v2 = UIView()
v2.backgroundColor = UIColor(red: 0.5, green: 1, blue: 0, alpha: 1)
let v3 = UIView()
v3.backgroundColor = UIColor(red: 1, green: 0, blue: 0, alpha: 1)
mainview.addSubview(v1)
v1.addSubview(v2)
v1.addSubview(v3)
v2.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
v3.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
v1.addConstraint(
NSLayoutConstraint(item: v2,
attribute: .Leading,
relatedBy: .Equal,
toItem: v1,
attribute: .Leading,
multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
)
v1.addConstraint(
NSLayoutConstraint(item: v2,
attribute: .Trailing,
relatedBy: .Equal,
toItem: v1,
attribute: .Trailing,
multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
)
v1.addConstraint(
NSLayoutConstraint(item: v2,
attribute: .Top,
relatedBy: .Equal,
toItem: v1,
attribute: .Top,
multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
)
v2.addConstraint(
NSLayoutConstraint(item: v2,
attribute: .Height,
relatedBy: .Equal,
toItem: nil,
attribute: .NotAnAttribute,
multiplier: 1, constant: 10)
)
v3.addConstraint(
NSLayoutConstraint(item: v3,
attribute: .Width,
relatedBy: .Equal,
toItem: nil,
attribute: .NotAnAttribute,
multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
)
v3.addConstraint(
NSLayoutConstraint(item: v3,
attribute: .Height,
relatedBy: .Equal,
toItem: nil,
attribute: .NotAnAttribute,
multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
)
v1.addConstraint(
NSLayoutConstraint(item: v3,
attribute: .Trailing,
relatedBy: .Equal,
toItem: v1,
attribute: .Trailing,
multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
)
v1.addConstraint(
NSLayoutConstraint(item: v3,
attribute: .Bottom,
relatedBy: .Equal,
toItem: v1,
attribute: .Bottom,
multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
)
运行效果:
(竖屏)
(横屏)
看了以上代码后,你肯定要疯了,那么多约束。。。
下面,我们就来逐一分析:
我们先来看一下这段代码
OC
v3 = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(v1.bounds.size.width-20,
v1.bounds.size.height-20,
20, 20)];
Swift
let v3 = UIView(frame:CGRectMake(
v1.bounds.width-20, v1.bounds.height-20, 20, 20))
这段代码很清楚地表达了:v3是宽高各20,并且位置在v1的右下角,其原点距离v1的右下角
坐标x,y各偏移20,也就是我们上图中看到的大红色矩形。
约束的API语句有时候是很冗长的,看上去很难懂。
为此,Apple发明了可视化格式(Visual Format)来便于理解。
看看下面的这个例子:
@"V:|[v2(10)]"
上面的表达式中,V:表示是垂直方向上的约束,同理,H:表示水平方向上约束。
管道符|代表父视图。
中括号内是要添加约束的视图变量名。
所以,这里的约束清晰地表达: v2和父视图顶端对齐,并且v2的高度是10。