Spring依赖注入的方式:
1、构造函数注入
顾名思义,构造函数注入,就是我们依靠类的构造函数来达到DI(依赖注入)的目的,每个参数代表着一个依赖,如下所示:
package org.spring.service;
public interface PersonService {
public void showMessage();
}
package org.spring.service.impl;
import org.spring.dao.PersonDAO;
import org.spring.service.PersonService;
public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService {
private PersonDAO personDAO;
private String message;
public PersonServiceBean(PersonDAO personDAO, String message) {
this.personDAO = personDAO;
this.message = message;
}
public void showMessage() {
System.out.println(message);
personDAO.add();
}
}
上面的PersonDAO接口如下
package org.spring.dao;
public interface PersonDAO {
public void add();
}
PersonDAO接口的实现类
package org.spring.dao.impl;
import org.spring.dao.PersonDAO;
public class PersonDAOBean implements PersonDAO {
public void add() {
System.out.println("执行PersonDAOBean中的增加方法!");
}
}
配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="personDAOBean" class="org.spring.dao.impl.PersonDAOBean" /> <bean id="personServiceBean" class="org.spring.service.impl.PersonServiceBean" scope="prototype"> <constructor-arg index="0" ref="personDAOBean" /> <constructor-arg index="1" value="message" /> </bean> </beans>
index属性用来显示指定构造构造参数的索引,通过使用索引属性不但可以解决多个简单属性的混淆问题,还可以解决有可能有相同类型的2个构造参数的混淆问题了,注意index是从0开始。但是当使用简单类型时,Spring将无法知道该值的类型,不借助其他帮助,它将无法仅仅根据参数类型进行匹配,比如下面的这个例子:
public class ExampleBean {
private int age;
private String name;
public ExampleBean(int age, String name) {
this.age= age;
this.name= name;
}
}
<bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean"> <constructor-arg type="int" value="18"/> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="zhangsan"/> </bean>
测试类
package org.spring;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.spring.service.PersonService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringTest {
@Test
public void test() {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"spring.xml");
PersonService personService = (PersonService) ctx
.getBean("personServiceBean");
personService.showMessage();
}
}
控制台结果
2、Setter注入:
通过调用无参构造器或无参static工厂方法实例化bean之后,调用该bean的setter方法,即可实现基于setter的DI
此时PersonServiceBean类修改如下
package org.spring.service.impl;
import org.spring.dao.PersonDAO;
import org.spring.service.PersonService;
public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService {
private PersonDAO personDAO;
private String message;
public void showMessage() {
System.out.println(message);
personDAO.add();
}
public PersonDAO getPersonDAO() {
return personDAO;
}
public void setPersonDAO(PersonDAO personDAO) {
this.personDAO = personDAO;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
PersonServiceBean中省略了默认的构造器,如果还有其他带参数的构造器,则需要显示的定义默认的构造器,否则Spring容器无法初始化该类
此时的配置文件如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="personDAOBean" class="org.spring.dao.impl.PersonDAOBean" /> <bean id="personServiceBean" class="org.spring.service.impl.PersonServiceBean" scope="prototype"> <property name="personDAO" ref="personDAOBean" /> <property name="message" value="message" /> </bean> </beans>
测试类不变
控制台打印结果
可以得知,通过Setter注入方式成功