Android学习之调用摄像头和相册

调用摄像头：点击button——》启动相机程序——》传回照片——》显示照片
调用相册：点击button——》（如果没有访问SD卡权限，申请权限）打开相册——》选择照片——》传回照片——》（4.4及以上版本对封装的Uri解析）显示照片
URI(统一资源标识符)是用来标识某一互联网资源名称的字符串

从安装7.0之后直接使用本地真实路径的uri被认为是不安全的，会抛出异常，FileProvider是一种特殊的内容提供器，使用了和内容提供器类似的机制对数据进行保护，可以选择性的将封装过的uri共享给外部，从而提高了应用的安全性

访问SD卡的权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

Manifest中注册内容提供器

<application
        ...
        <provider
            android:authorities="com.example.camera.fileprovider"
            android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
        </provider>

    </application>

新建xml目录，新建file_paths.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path name="my_img" path=""/>
</paths>

layout：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.camera.MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/take_photo"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Take Photo"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/choose_from_album"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Choose from album"/>

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/pic"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal"/>

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

...

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
    public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;
    private ImageView pic;
    private Button take_photo,choose_photo;
    private Uri imageUri;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        pic = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.pic);
        take_photo = (Button) findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
        take_photo.setOnClickListener(this);
        choose_photo = (Button) findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);
        choose_photo.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode,int resultCode,Intent data){
        switch (requestCode){
            case TAKE_PHOTO: {
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    try {
                        //显示照片
                        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
                        pic.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
                break;
            case CHOOSE_PHOTO:{
                if(resultCode == RESULT_OK){
                    //判断手机系统版本号
                    if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19){
                        //4.4及以上
                        handleImageOnKitKat(data);
                    }else{
                        handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
                    }
                }
            }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 4.4及以上版本调用handleImageOnKitKat()方法，否则就调用handleImageBeforeKitKat()方法
     * 4.4之后选取相册中的图片就不在返回图片真实的uri，而是一个封装的uri，4.4之后系统要对这个uri进行解析
     */
    @TargetApi(19)
    private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data){
        String imagePath = null;
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        if(DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this,uri)){
            //如果是document的uri，则通过document id处理
            String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            if("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
                String id = docId.split(":")[1];//解析出数字格式的id
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
                imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,selection);
            }else if("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content:" +
                        "//downloads/public_downloads"),Long.valueOf(docId));
                imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri,null);
            }
        }else if("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
            //如果是content类型的uri，则使用普通方法
            imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
        }else if("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
            //如果是file类型的uri，直接获取图片路径即可
            imagePath = uri.getPath();
        }
        displayImage(imagePath);
    }

    private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data){
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        String imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
        displayImage(imagePath);
    }

    private String getImagePath(Uri uri,String selection){
        String path = null;
        //通过uri和selection来获取真实的图片路径
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri,null,selection,null,null);
        if(cursor!=null){
            if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
                path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
        return path;
    }

    private void displayImage(String imagePath){
        if(imagePath != null){
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
            pic.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        }else{
            Toast.makeText(this,"打开图片失败",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    private void openAlbum(){
        Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent,CHOOSE_PHOTO);//打开相册
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch(view.getId()){
            case R.id.take_photo:{
                //创建file对象，存储拍照后的照片
                File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(),
                        "output_image,jpg");
                try{
                    if(outputImage.exists()){
                        outputImage.delete();
                    }
                    outputImage.createNewFile();
                }catch (IOException e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24){
                    imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this,
                            "com.example.camera.fileprovider",outputImage);
                }else{
                    imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
                }
                //启动相机
                Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,imageUri);
                startActivityForResult(intent,TAKE_PHOTO);
            }
                break;
            case R.id.choose_from_album:{
                //动态申请权限
                if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
                        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.
                        PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new
                            String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
                }else{
                    openAlbum();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}