24.验证码的编码

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已于 2023-04-18 20:29:54 修改

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分类专栏：核心日记-java道路文章标签： servlet java 前端

于 2022-08-05 12:40:58 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/khmff/article/details/126175480

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该博客介绍了如何在Java Web环境中实现一个自定义的验证码Servlet。首先，创建了一个BufferedImage对象并设置了背景色和边框，然后随机生成了验证码字符串，并用绿色字体写入图像。同时，验证码会存储到用户的HttpSession中。最后，将生成的验证码图像以JPEG格式输出到响应流中。此外，还提供了一个优化版的验证码生成，包括设置字体大小和颜色，以及防止浏览器缓存的处理。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

package web.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        int width = 100;
        int height = 30;
        //1.创建一对象，在内存中图片（验证码图片对象）
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //2.美化图片
        //2.1填充背景色
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
        //2.2画边框
//        g.setColor(Color.red);
//        g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
        //2.3写验证码的代码
        String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        //设置验证码颜色
        g.setColor(Color.green);
        //生成随机角标
        Random ran = new Random();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
            int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
            //获取字符串
            char ch = str.charAt(index);
            sb.append(ch);
            //2.3写验证码
            g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
        }
        String checkcode = sb.toString();
        //将验证码存入session里面
        req.getSession().setAttribute("checkcode",checkcode);
        /*//2.3写验证码
        g.drawString("a",5,25);
        g.drawString("s",10,25);
        g.drawString("3s",15,25);
        g.drawString("o4ir",30,25);*/
        //2.4设置干扰线
//        g.setColor(Color.green);
//        g.drawLine(1,1,40,80);
//        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
//            //随机生成坐标
//            int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
//            int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);
//            int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
//            int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
            //写干扰线
//            g.drawLine(x1,x2,y1,y2);
//        }
        //3.将图片输出到页面展示
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

好看的验证码：设置了字体字号。

package cn.itcast.travel.web.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * 验证码
 */
@WebServlet("/checkCode")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		//服务器通知浏览器不要缓存
		response.setHeader("pragma","no-cache");
		response.setHeader("cache-control","no-cache");
		response.setHeader("expires","0");
		
		//在内存中创建一个长80，宽30的图片，默认黑色背景
		//参数一：长
		//参数二：宽
		//参数三：颜色
		int width = 80;
		int height = 30;
		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		
		//获取画笔
		Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
		//设置画笔颜色为灰色
		g.setColor(Color.GRAY);
		//填充图片
		g.fillRect(0,0, width,height);
		
		//产生4个随机验证码，12Ey
		String checkCode = getCheckCode();
		//将验证码放入HttpSession中
		request.getSession().setAttribute("CHECKCODE_SERVER",checkCode);
		
		//设置画笔颜色为黄色
		g.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
		//设置字体的小大
		g.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,24));
		//向图片上写入验证码
		g.drawString(checkCode,15,25);
		
		//将内存中的图片输出到浏览器
		//参数一：图片对象
		//参数二：图片的格式，如PNG,JPG,GIF
		//参数三：图片输出到哪里去
		ImageIO.write(image,"PNG",response.getOutputStream());
	}
	/**
	 * 产生4位随机字符串 
	 */
	private String getCheckCode() {
		String base = "0123456789ABCDEFGabcdefg";
		int size = base.length();
		Random r = new Random();
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		for(int i=1;i<=4;i++){
			//产生0到size-1的随机值
			int index = r.nextInt(size);
			//在base字符串中获取下标为index的字符
			char c = base.charAt(index);
			//将c放入到StringBuffer中去
			sb.append(c);
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		this.doGet(request,response);
	}
}