1,存在的问题
设想我们的客户端定义了一个用于XStream读写的XML文件:
我们将设计一些模型类并配置XStream按照这个XML文件格式执行读写操作。
- <blog author="Guilherme Silveira">
- <entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>
- Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!
- </description>
- </entry>
- </blog>
2,模型:
首先,建立一个简单的Blog对象:
- package com.thoughtworks.xstream;
- public class Blog {
- private Author author;
- private List entries = new ArrayList();
- public Blog(Author author) {
- this.author = author;
- }
- public void add(Entry entry) {
- entries.add(entry);
- }
- public List getContent() {
- return entries;
- }
- }
然后是一个带有名字的作者对象:
- package com.thoughtworks.xstream;
- public class Author {
- private String name;
- public Author(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- }
具体的blog内容对象:
- package com.thoughtworks.xstream;
- public class Entry {
- private String title, description;
- public Entry(String title, String description) {
- this.title = title;
- this.description = description;
- }
- }
虽然我们没有创建getters/setters方法,但这并不影响XStream对XML->Object文件的解析。
3,简单的测试
首先初始化一个blog实例,然后使用XStream来序列化
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Blog teamBlog = new Blog(new Author("Guilherme Silveira"));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("first","My first blog entry."));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("tutorial",
- "Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!"));
- XStream xstream = new XStream();
- System.out.println(xstream.toXML(teamBlog));
- }
由该Blog实例解析出的XML文件为:
- <com.thoughtworks.xstream.Blog>
- <author>
- <name>Guilherme Silveira</name>
- </author>
- <entries>
- <com.thoughtworks.xstream.Entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </com.thoughtworks.xstream.Entry>
- <com.thoughtworks.xstream.Entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>
- Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!
- </description>
- </com.thoughtworks.xstream.Entry>
- </entries>
- </com.thoughtworks.xstream.Blog>
4,为类取别名首先我们来改变XStream对com.thoughtworks.xstream.Blog的输出名称。
我们只想使用一个简单的blog来取代。下面为Blog类创建一个别名:Xstream.alias("blog",Blog.class);同样的,为Entry类创建一个别名:Xstream.alias("entry",Entry.class);好,到此输出的XML变为:
- <blog>
- <author>
- <name>Guilherme Silveira</name>
- </author>
- <entries>
- <entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>
- Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!
- </description>
- </entry>
- </entries>
- </blog>
5,去掉entries标记
下面,我们将实施叫做"implicit collection"的过程(即取消标记):所有的集合类型,都不需要显示他的根标签(root tag),你可以直接使用一个implicit collection去映射。
在我们的例子里面,我们不希望出现entries标签,只需要一个接一个的列出所有的entry标签即可。
要做到这点,只需要简单的调用XStream对象上的addImplicitCollection方法,就可以配置XStream取消对entries的输出:
- package com.thoughtworks.xstream;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Blog teamBlog = new Blog(new Author("Guilherme Silveira"));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("first","My first blog entry."));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("tutorial",
- "Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!"));
- XStream xstream = new XStream();
- xstream.alias("blog", Blog.class);
- xstream.alias("entry", Entry.class);
- xstream.addImplicitCollection(Blog.class, "entries");
- System.out.println(xstream.toXML(teamBlog));
- }
- }
注意addImplicitCollection方法的调用,需要描述在某个类上的某个成员变量不需要被显示。
得到的结果基本上达到了要求:
- <blog>
- <author>
- <name>Guilherme Silveira</name>
- </author>
- <entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>
- Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!
- </description>
- </entry>
- </blog>
7,为属性添加别名
下一步是要把author成员变量设置为XML的属性。要做到这点,我们需要告诉XStream将author属性作为Blog类的"author"属性。
xstream.useAttributeFor(Blog.class,"author");
现在留给我们一个问题,XStream怎么讲一个Author转换成一个String对象让他在Blog节点中以author属性显示?
只需要使用SimpleValeConverter并且实现我们自己的Author转换器:
class AuthorConverter implements SingleValueConverter {
}
第一个需要实现的方法是告诉XStream该转化器是用来转换什么类型的对象:
public boolean canConvert(Class type) {
return type.equals(Author.class);
}
接下来是将一个Author实例转化成字符串:
public String toString(Object obj) {
return ((Author) obj).getName();
}
最后是相反的工作:怎么从一个字符串中得到Author实例
public Object fromString(String name) {
return new Author(name);
}
最后,该转化器看起来是这样:
class AuthorConverter implements SingleValueConverter {
public String toString(Object obj) {
return ((Author) obj).getName();
}
public Object fromString(String name) {
return new Author(name);
}
public boolean canConvert(Class type) {
return type.equals(Author.class);
}
}
然后将这个转化器注册到XStream:
- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Blog teamBlog = new Blog(new Author("Guilherme Silveira"));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("first","My first blog entry."));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("tutorial",
- "Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!"));
- XStream xstream = new XStream();
- xstream.alias("blog", Blog.class);
- xstream.alias("entry", Entry.class);
- xstream.addImplicitCollection(Blog.class, "entries");
- xstream.useAttributeFor(Blog.class, "author");
- xstream.registerConverter(new AuthorConverter());
- System.out.println(xstream.toXML(teamBlog));
- }
- }
最后的输出:
- <blog author="Guilherme Silveira">
- <entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>
- Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!
- </description>
- </entry>
- </blog>
在这里,useAttributeFor方法被其他几个相似功能的方法重载,包括一个接受一个额外的字符串(Class , String, String)的版本,该版本告诉XStream将该属性创建为另一个别名,比如在这里,如果使用useAttributeFor(Blog.class , "author", "auth")会将"author"属性在XML中映射成"auth"属性。