C语言中字符串到整型以及整型到字符串的转换粗浅实现

今天心血来潮实现了字符串到整型以及整型到字符串的转换函数, 因算法也不强, 所以效率也高不了, 因C语言用得不好, 就当练习吧. 另一种普遍做法是atoi实现字符串到整型当转换, snprintf实现整型到字符串的转换.

#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

char *tostr(int in) 
{
    int len = int_len(in);
    int begin = in < 0 ? 1 : 0;
    len += begin;
    char *buf = (char *)malloc(len + 1);
    int multiple = 1;
    int oldmultiple, i;
    buf[len] = '\0';
    if(in == 0)
    {
        buf[0] = '0';
    }
    else
    {
        if (in < 0) 
        {
            buf[0] = '-';
            in = -in;
        } 
        for(i = len - 1; i >= begin; --i)
        {
            oldmultiple = multiple;
            multiple *= 10;
            buf[i] = '0' + ((in - (in / multiple * multiple)) / oldmultiple);
        }
    }
    return buf;
}

int toint(char *str, int len, int *ret)
{
    char *c = str;
    int length = string_len(str, len);
    if (length <= 0)
    {
        return -1;
    }
    int sigm = (*c == '+' || *c == '-') ? 1 : 0;
    int result = 0;
    int multiple = 1;
    int i;
    for (i = length + sigm - 1; i >= sigm; --i)
    {
        result += (c[i] - '0') * multiple;
        multiple *= 10;
    }
    if (c[0] == '-') {
        result = -result;
    }
    *ret = result;
    return 0;
}

int int_len(int in) 
{
    int len = 0;
    while(in != 0) 
    {
        in = in / 10;
        ++len;
    }
    return len;
}

int string_len(char *str, int len) 
{
    int count = 0;
    char *c = str;
    while(*c != '\0' && count < len)
    {
        if (*c > '9' || *c < '0') 
        {
            if (count == 0 && (*c == '+' || *c == '-'))
            {
                ++c;
                continue;
            }
            else
            {
                return -1;
            }
        } 
        else
        {
            ++c;
            ++count;
        }
    }
    return count;
}

int main(void) 
{
    printf("%d: %d\n", 0, int_len(0));
    printf("%d: %d\n", -0, int_len(-0));
    printf("%d: %d\n", 1, int_len(1));
    printf("%d: %d\n", -1, int_len(-1));
    printf("%d: %d\n", 40285, int_len(40285));
    printf("%d: %d\n", -19948799, int_len(-19948799));

    printf("-----------------------------------\n");

    printf("%d: %s\n", 1, tostr(1));
    printf("%d: %s\n", 0, tostr(0));
    printf("%d: %s\n", 393, tostr(393));
    printf("%d: %s\n", 50938325, tostr(50938325));
    printf("%d: %s\n", -4922, tostr(-4922));
    printf("%d: %s\n", -1, tostr(-1));
    printf("%d: %s\n", -0, tostr(-0));

    printf("-----------------------------------\n");

    printf("%s: %d\n", "0", string_len("0", 1));
    printf("%s: %d\n", "-0", string_len("-0", 2));
    printf("%s: %d\n", "1", string_len("1", 1));
    printf("%s: %d\n", "-1", string_len("-1", 2));
    printf("%s: %d\n", "403295", string_len("403295", 6));
    printf("%s: %d\n", "403295", string_len("403295", 9));
    printf("%s: %d\n", "-11094885", string_len("-11094885", 9));
    printf("%s: %d\n", "+11094885", string_len("+11094885", 9));
    printf("%s: %d\n", "1+094885", string_len("1+094885", 8));
    printf("%s: %d\n", "+", string_len("+", 1));
    printf("%s: %d\n", "", string_len("", 1));

    printf("-----------------------------------\n");

    int ret = 0;
    char *temp = "0";
    if (!toint(temp, sizeof(temp), &ret)) {
        printf("%s: %d\n", temp, ret); 
    }
    temp = "-0";
    if (!toint(temp, sizeof(temp), &ret)) {
        printf("%s: %d\n", temp, ret); 
    }
    temp = "-1";
    if (!toint(temp, sizeof(temp), &ret)) {
        printf("%s: %d\n", temp, ret); 
    }
    temp = "1";
    if (!toint(temp, sizeof(temp), &ret)) {
        printf("%s: %d\n", temp, ret); 
    }
    temp = "+321012";
    if (!toint(temp, sizeof(temp), &ret)) {
        printf("%s: %d\n", temp, ret); 
    }
    temp = "-4995822";
    if (!toint(temp, sizeof(temp), &ret)) {
        printf("%s: %d\n", temp, ret); 
    }
    temp = "+d";
    if (!toint(temp, sizeof(temp), &ret)) {
        printf("%s: %d\n", temp, ret); 
    }
}