转载地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68267.htm
i2c的操作在内核中是当做字符设备来操作的,相关初始化在由i2c_dev_init函数来初始化。
并且i2c adapter的驱动通过i2cdev_driver这个通用驱动的attach方法来实现注册的。
下面具体分析整个过程。
- static int __init i2c_dev_init(void)
- {
- 。。。 。。。
- res = register_chrdev(I2C_MAJOR, "i2c", &i2cdev_fops);
- if (res)
- goto out;
- i2c_dev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "i2c-dev");
- if (IS_ERR(i2c_dev_class)) {
- res = PTR_ERR(i2c_dev_class);
- goto out_unreg_chrdev;
- }
- res = i2c_add_driver(&i2cdev_driver);
- 。。。 。。。
- }
函数首先调用register_chardev函数向内核注册主备号为I2C_MAJOR、操作集为i2cdev_fops的字符设备。
register_chrdev函数最终会向系统注册主设备为I2C_MAJOR,此设备号为0~255的设备。这表示系统最多可以容纳256个i2c adapter,adapter的字符操作方法i2cdev_fops如下:
- static const struct file_operations i2cdev_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .llseek = no_llseek,
- .read = i2cdev_read,
- .write = i2cdev_write,
- .unlocked_ioctl = i2cdev_ioctl,
- .open = i2cdev_open,
- .release = i2cdev_release,
- };
当read()、write()、open()、close()、ioctl()等系统调用发生时就会调用到这些函数。
但是i2cdev_fops其实是通用的的操作,应为不同的adapter对应的操作方法肯定有区别所以这里的fops只是具体adapter操作方法的一层外壳,具体稍后分析。
字符设备注册完毕后通过class_create()函数初始化一个类i2c_dev_class,这个类稍后需要使用,用于在/dev/i2c-0下自动创建设备,后面分析。
类初始化完毕后,然后调用函数i2c_add_driver函数注册i2c driver。这里所说的i2c其实对应的是系统中所有的i2c类设备。
通过i2c driver中的attach_adapter方法来实现将adapter和对应的驱动绑定。
- static struct i2c_driver i2cdev_driver = {
- .driver = {
- .name = "dev_driver",
- },
- .attach_adapter = i2cdev_attach_adapter,
- .detach_adapter = i2cdev_detach_adapter,
- };
下面具体分析i2c_add_driver注册i2cdev_driver的过程
2.i2c_add_driver
i2c_add_driver函数只是对i2c_register_driver做了简单的封装,下面直接分析i2c_register_driver
- int i2c_register_driver(struct module *owner, struct i2c_driver *driver)
- {
- int res;
- /* Can't register until after driver model init */
- if (unlikely(WARN_ON(!i2c_bus_type.p))){
- printk("Can't register until after driver model init\n");
- return -EAGAIN;
- }
- /* add the driver to the list of i2c drivers in the driver core */
- driver->driver.owner = owner;
- driver->driver.bus = &i2c_bus_type;
- /* When registration returns, the driver core
- * will have called probe() for all matching-but-unbound devices.
- */
- res = driver_register(&driver->driver);
- if (res)
- return res;
- pr_debug("i2c-core: driver [%s] registered\n", driver->driver.name);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&driver->clients);
- /* Walk the adapters that are already present */
- mutex_lock(&core_lock);
- bus_for_each_dev(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, driver, __process_new_driver);
- mutex_unlock(&core_lock);
- return 0;
- }
函数通过
- driver->driver.bus = &i2c_bus_type;
值得一提的是此处i2cdev_driver中的attach_adapter的执行机会很大,通过bus_for_each_dev()函数
- bus_for_each_dev(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, driver, __process_new_driver);
此处的bus_for_each_dev函数主要功能就是循环查询一遍i2c总线上所有的dev,包括adapter device和client device。
然后依次将dev和driver作为__process_new_driver的参数并执行__process_new_driver函数,但是只有adapter device
才会执行后续的操作,否则返回继续轮询i2c总线上的dev。
- static int __process_new_driver(struct device *dev, void *data)
- {
- if (dev->type != &i2c_adapter_type)
- return 0;
- return i2c_do_add_adapter(data, to_i2c_adapter(dev));
- }
- static int i2c_do_add_adapter(struct i2c_driver *driver,
- struct i2c_adapter *adap)
- {
- /* Detect supported devices on that bus, and instantiate them */
- i2c_detect(adap, driver);
- /* Let legacy drivers scan this bus for matching devices */
- if (driver->attach_adapter) {
- /* We ignore the return code; if it fails, too bad */
- driver->attach_adapter(adap);
- }
- return 0;
- }
由于此处驱动并未初始化driver->detect,所以i2c_detect函数未执行有效操作就会退出。
接着通过传统方式执行driver->attach_adapter方法。
- tatic int i2cdev_attach_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
- {
- struct i2c_dev *i2c_dev;
- int res;
- i2c_dev = get_free_i2c_dev(adap);
- if (IS_ERR(i2c_dev))
- return PTR_ERR(i2c_dev);
- /* register this i2c device with the driver core */
- i2c_dev->dev = device_create(i2c_dev_class, &adap->dev,
- MKDEV(I2C_MAJOR, adap->nr), NULL,
- "i2c-%d", adap->nr);
- if (IS_ERR(i2c_dev->dev)) {
- res = PTR_ERR(i2c_dev->dev);
- goto error;
- }
- res = device_create_file(i2c_dev->dev, &dev_attr_name);
- if (res)
- goto error_destroy;
- pr_debug("i2c-dev: adapter [%s] registered as minor %d\n",
- adap->name, adap->nr);
- return 0;
- error_destroy:
- device_destroy(i2c_dev_class, MKDEV(I2C_MAJOR, adap->nr));
- error:
- return_i2c_dev(i2c_dev);
- return res;
- }
可见attach_adapter函数的作用就是调用device_create()函数 通过之前class_create的类信息在/dev下自动创建设备文件。
并且此设备的设备号是由固定的主设备号I2C_MAJOR 和 从设备号组成的,从设备号取的就是adapter的nr,此处为0。
并且可以推断出系统最多可以容纳0~255 总共256个i2c adapter。
到此i2c部分的初始化就完成了,可以通过read write来操作设备了。
补充:上面说的新方法好像在驱动里面就会detect client,然后把所有检测到的client放到一条链表里。
相关阅读:
I2C子系统之at24c02读写测试 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68256.htm
I2C子系统之ioctl() http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68257.htm
I2C子系统之at24c02简介 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68258.htm
I2C子系统之总结 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68259.htm
I2C子系统之内核中I2C子系统的结构 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68260.htm
I2C子系统之I2C bus初始化——I2C_init() http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68261.htm
I2C子系统之platfor_device初始化——smdk2440_machine_init() http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68262.htm
I2C子系统之platform_driver初始化——I2C_adap_s3c_init() http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68263.htm
I2C子系统之I2C总线时钟频率设置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68264.htm
I2C子系统之adapter device和client device注册——I2C_add_number_adapter() http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68265.htm
I2C子系统之__I2C_first_dynamic_bus_num变量的相关分析 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68266.htm
I2C子系统之 adapter driver注册——I2C_dev_init() http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68267.htm
I2C子系统之write() http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68268.htm