通过MongoMapper让程序在Rails 3.2上与MongoDB数据交互

参考资料：http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Rails+3+-+Getting+Started

http://mongomapper.com/documentation/getting-started/rails.html

如果是建立新工程项目，使用：

rails new my_app --skip-active-record

来屏蔽ActiveRecord组件。如果程序已经建立起来了， 可以修改config/application.rb文件：

替换：

require 'rails/all'

为：

require "action_controller/railtie"

require "action_mailer/railtie"

require "active_resource/railtie"

require "rails/test_unit/railtie"

# Uncomment for asset pipelining in Rails 3.1

# require "sprockets/railtie"

在 config/application.rb中还可加入如下代码：

module xxxxxx
  class Application < Rails::Application

    ......

    # allow to use the rails generate model command with MongoMapper
    config.generators do |g|
      g.orm :mongo_mapper
    end
  end
end

修改好的config/application.rb文件大致如下：

require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)

#require 'rails/all'
require "action_controller/railtie"
require "action_mailer/railtie"
require "active_resource/railtie"
require "rails/test_unit/railtie"

if defined?(Bundler)
  # If you precompile assets before deploying to production, use this line
  Bundler.require(*Rails.groups(:assets => %w(development test)))
  # If you want your assets lazily compiled in production, use this line
  # Bundler.require(:default, :assets, Rails.env)
end

module MongoRoR
  class Application < Rails::Application
    # Settings in config/environments/* take precedence over those specified here.
    # Application configuration should go into files in config/initializers
    # -- all .rb files in that directory are automatically loaded.

    # Custom directories with classes and modules you want to be autoloadable.
    # config.autoload_paths += %W(#{config.root}/extras)

    # Only load the plugins named here, in the order given (default is alphabetical).
    # :all can be used as a placeholder for all plugins not explicitly named.
    # config.plugins = [ :exception_notification, :ssl_requirement, :all ]

    # Activate observers that should always be running.
    # config.active_record.observers = :cacher, :garbage_collector, :forum_observer

    # Set Time.zone default to the specified zone and make Active Record auto-convert to this zone.
    # Run "rake -D time" for a list of tasks for finding time zone names. Default is UTC.
    # config.time_zone = 'Central Time (US & Canada)'

    # The default locale is :en and all translations from config/locales/*.rb,yml are auto loaded.
    # config.i18n.load_path += Dir[Rails.root.join('my', 'locales', '*.{rb,yml}').to_s]
    # config.i18n.default_locale = :de

    # Configure the default encoding used in templates for Ruby 1.9.
    config.encoding = "utf-8"

    # Configure sensitive parameters which will be filtered from the log file.
    config.filter_parameters += [:password]

    # Use SQL instead of Active Record's schema dumper when creating the database.
    # This is necessary if your schema can't be completely dumped by the schema dumper,
    # like if you have constraints or database-specific column types
    # config.active_record.schema_format = :sql

    # Enforce whitelist mode for mass assignment.
    # This will create an empty whitelist of attributes available for mass-assignment for all models
    # in your app. As such, your models will need to explicitly whitelist or blacklist accessible
    # parameters by using an attr_accessible or attr_protected declaration.
    # config.active_record.whitelist_attributes = true

    # Enable the asset pipeline
    config.assets.enabled = true

    # Version of your assets, change this if you want to expire all your assets
    config.assets.version = '1.0'
    
    # allow to use the rails generate model command with MongoMapper
    config.generators do |g|
      g.orm :mongo_mapper
    end

  end
end

修改 Gemfile文件如下：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails', '3.2.1'
gem 'mongo_mapper'
gem 'bson_ext'

# Bundle edge Rails instead:
# gem 'rails', :git => 'git://github.com/rails/rails.git'

#gem 'sqlite3'


# Gems used only for assets and not required
# in production environments by default.
group :assets do
  gem 'sass-rails',   '~> 3.2.3'
  gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 3.2.1'

  # See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
  # gem 'therubyracer'

  gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3'
end

gem 'jquery-rails'

# To use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '~> 3.0.0'

# To use Jbuilder templates for JSON
# gem 'jbuilder'

# Use unicorn as the web server
# gem 'unicorn'

# Deploy with Capistrano
# gem 'capistrano'

# To use debugger
# gem 'ruby-debug19', :require => 'ruby-debug'

运行bundle

bundle install

运行如下指令来生成 config/mongo.yml文件

script/rails generate mongo_mapper:config

新建config/initializers/mongo.rb文件：

#MongoMapper.connection = Mongo::Connection.new('localhost', 27017)
#MongoMapper.database = "#myapp-#{Rails.env}"
#MongoMapper.database = ""

if defined?(PhusionPassenger)
   PhusionPassenger.on_event(:starting_worker_process) do |forked|
     MongoMapper.connection.connect if forked
   end
end

新建 lib/tasks/mongo.rake文件：

namespace :db do
  namespace :test do
    task :prepare do
      # Stub out for MongoDB
    end
  end
end

运行测试：

rake test:units --trace

新建Models：user.rb和hobby.rb

class User
  include MongoMapper::Document

  key :name, String
  key :age, Integer

  many :hobbies
end

class Hobby
  include MongoMapper::EmbeddedDocument

  key :name, String
  key :time, Time
end

给工程添加一个测试用的controller, 运行指令如下：

rails generate controller home index

修改代码：

class HomeController < ApplicationController
  def index
    user = User.new(:name => 'Brandon')
    user.hobbies.build(:name => 'Programming', :time => 10.years.ago)
    user.save!

#    @users = User.all
    @user = User.where(:name => 'Brandon').first
  end
end

<h1>Home#index</h1>
<p>Find me in app/views/home/index.html.erb</p>
<br>

<%= @user.name %>
<br>
<%= @user.hobbies[0].time %>



还可以修改route.rb文件来修改主页
  get "home/index"
  root :to => "home#index"
删除public下index.htm


在启动server前，还需要注释掉各个环境文件中的对activerecord的引用，例如，现在是开发环境：
打开：config/environments/development.rb，修改后大致如下：
MongoRoR::Application.configure do
  # Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/application.rb

  # In the development environment your application's code is reloaded on
  # every request. This slows down response time but is perfect for development
  # since you don't have to restart the web server when you make code changes.
  config.cache_classes = false

  # Log error messages when you accidentally call methods on nil.
  config.whiny_nils = true

  # Show full error reports and disable caching
  config.consider_all_requests_local       = true
  config.action_controller.perform_caching = false

  # Don't care if the mailer can't send
  config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false

  # Print deprecation notices to the Rails logger
  config.active_support.deprecation = :log

  # Only use best-standards-support built into browsers
  config.action_dispatch.best_standards_support = :builtin    #好像这个是可以留着的

  # Raise exception on mass assignment protection for Active Record models
#  config.active_record.mass_assignment_sanitizer = :strict

  # Log the query plan for queries taking more than this (works
  # with SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL)
#  config.active_record.auto_explain_threshold_in_seconds = 0.5

  # Do not compress assets
  config.assets.compress = false

  # Expands the lines which load the assets
  config.assets.debug = true
end

启动server：

rails server


参考资料：http://mongomapper.com/