Java NIO consist of the following core components:
- Channels
- Buffers
- Selectors
Java NIO has more classes and components than these, but the Channel
,Buffer
andSelector
forms the core of the API, in my opinion. The rest of the components, likePipe
andFileLock
are merely utility classes to be used in conjunction with the three core components. Therefore, I'll focus on these three components in this NIO overview. The other components are explained in their own texts elsewhere in this tutorial.
Channels and Buffers
Typically, all IO in NIO starts with aChannel
. A
Channel
is a bit like a stream. From the
Channel
data can be read into a
Buffer
. Data can also be written from a
Buffer
into a
Channel
. Here is an illustration of that:
Java NIO: Channels read data into Buffers, and Buffers write data into Channels
There are several Channel
and Buffer
types. Here is a list of the primary Channel
implementations in Java NIO:
- FileChannel
- DatagramChannel
- SocketChannel
- ServerSocketChannel
As you can see, these channels cover UDP + TCP network IO, and file IO.
There are a few interesting interfaces accompanying these classes too, but I'll keep them out of this Java NIO overview for simplicity's sake. They'll be explained where relevant, in other texts of this Java NIO tutorial.
Here is a list of the core Buffer
implementations in Java NIO:
- ByteBuffer
- CharBuffer
- DoubleBuffer
- FloatBuffer
- IntBuffer
- LongBuffer
- ShortBuffer
These Buffer
's cover the basic data types that you can send via IO: byte, short, int, long, float, double and characters.
Java NIO also has a MappedByteBuffer
which is used in conjunction with memory mapped files. I'll leave thisBuffer
out of this overview though.
Selectors
ASelector
allows a single thread to handle multiple
Channel
's. This is handy if your application has many connections (Channels) open, but only has low traffic on each connection. For instance, in a chat server.
Here is an illustration of a thread using a Selector
to handle 3Channel
's:
Java NIO: A Thread uses a Selector to handle 3 Channel's
To use a Selector
you register theChannel
's with it. Then you call it'sselect()
method. This method will block until there is an event ready for one of the registered channels. Once the method returns, the thread can then process these events. Examples of events are incoming connection, data received etc.
本文转自:http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-nio/overview.html